Purpose <p>This study utilizes available databases to provide readers with an extensive review of FGM materials. The study findings about the mechanical behavior of structures composed of functionally graded materials and their prospective applications in the construction, military, and aerospace sectors.</p> Method <p>This study has examined, synthesized, compared, and contrasted published papers to enhance readers' comprehension of the many kinds of FGM materials, the rising research trends concerning FGM in recent years, and the practical applications of FGM materials. This study also examines the outcomes that researchers have attained inthe computation of beam, plate, and shell structures composed of functionally graded materials. Thus indicating prospective study avenues for these structures.</p> Results <p>This study has delineated the formation and development process of functionally graded materials (FGM), their categorization, and the manufacturing techniques used for FGM production. The computed findings have elucidated the mechanical properties of structures composed of FGM materials, prospective research trajectories, and possible applications in critical sectors such as construction, military, and aerospace.</p> Conclusion <p>Considering these advantages, the potential applications of this material are extensive. The thematic content examines the principal obstacles and intricacies associated with the construction of physical structures with this material. Nonetheless, owing to breakthroughs in science and technology, materials with variable mechanical properties have become prominent and are essential in several scientific and technical fields, as well as in improving human life. The report further outlines alternative research avenues related to materials displaying diverse mechanical properties.</p>