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<p>This paper proposes a systematic perspective on the design of three-loop autopilot structures to mitigate the divergence of guidance and control (G&amp;C) loops in the terminal phase. The proposed approach introduces a key conceptual shift by reinterpreting the acceleration feedback term—originally introduced in guidance laws for autopilot lag compensation—as an intrinsic feedback component within the control loop. This reinterpretation enables a systematic reformulation of the conventional three-loop autopilot, revealing a two-gain acceleration-feedback structure within the class of acceleration-feedback-modified three-loop autopilots. The resulting framework preserves the conventional G&amp;C architecture while providing additional degrees of freedom for shaping the closed-loop dynamics and command-scaling characteristics, thereby enabling improved performance without requiring modification of existing guidance laws. Furthermore, the proposed approach establishes an explicit connection between lag-compensated guidance laws and control-loop design, offering a unified interpretation of previously independent methodologies. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively suppresses G&amp;C loop divergence and achieves improved performance compared to the baseline and single-gain approaches under the considered engagement scenarios.</p>

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A Two-Gain Acceleration-Feedback Three-Loop Autopilot for Mitigating Guidance-Control Loop Divergence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Koang-Kyu Jeon,
  • Ki-Wook Jung,
  • Chang-Hun Lee

摘要

This paper proposes a systematic perspective on the design of three-loop autopilot structures to mitigate the divergence of guidance and control (G&C) loops in the terminal phase. The proposed approach introduces a key conceptual shift by reinterpreting the acceleration feedback term—originally introduced in guidance laws for autopilot lag compensation—as an intrinsic feedback component within the control loop. This reinterpretation enables a systematic reformulation of the conventional three-loop autopilot, revealing a two-gain acceleration-feedback structure within the class of acceleration-feedback-modified three-loop autopilots. The resulting framework preserves the conventional G&C architecture while providing additional degrees of freedom for shaping the closed-loop dynamics and command-scaling characteristics, thereby enabling improved performance without requiring modification of existing guidance laws. Furthermore, the proposed approach establishes an explicit connection between lag-compensated guidance laws and control-loop design, offering a unified interpretation of previously independent methodologies. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively suppresses G&C loop divergence and achieves improved performance compared to the baseline and single-gain approaches under the considered engagement scenarios.