Background <p>Chronic low back pain (CLBP) significantly affects multiple domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including physical, psychological, and social well-being. The World Health Organization Quality of Life - Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) is a widely used instrument for cross-cultural assessment of quality of life (QoL); however, its Hindi version has not been validated in patients with CLBP. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the Hindi version of WHOQOL-BREF in patients with CLBP.</p> Methods <p>This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a pain clinic on an outpatient basis. A total of 111 native Hindi-speaking adult patients (≥ 18 years) with CLBP were enrolled. In addition to demographic information, two questionnaires Hindi version of WHOQOL-BREF and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) (reference scale), were administered at day 0 and day 3. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used for pain evaluation. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for scale reliability. Construct validity was analysed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine the relationships between the eight domains of SF-36 and four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF.</p> Results <p>Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were acceptable for all domains of both Hindi version of WHOQOL-BREF (0.869–0.938) and SF-36 (0.752–0.943) questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficients showed weak to strong correlations between domains of both instruments (<i>r</i> ≥ 0.40). Correlations for domains with similar constructs were stronger than those measuring varied constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable model fit and good relationships between domains.</p> Conclusion <p>Our study suggests that WHOQOL-BREF Hindi version is a reliable and valid tool for clinical and research use in CLBP.</p>