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Background/Objectives <p>To test whether subjective sleep quality is associated with academic functioning in two-year college students and to evaluate the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as a low-burden indicator of sleep-wake strain.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a one-time, anonymous web-based survey at a Midwestern two-year community college (<i>n</i> = 209). Sleep quality was assessed with the PSQI (0–21, with higher scores indicating worse sleep). Students self-reported cumulative grade point average (GPA; 0–4). We used linear regression models for cumulative GPA and logistic regression models for GPA &lt; 3.0, adjusted for age, gender, and enrollment status.</p> Results <p>Poor sleep quality (PSQI &gt; 5) was prevalent (73.7%). Higher PSQI scores were associated with lower cumulative GPA (β = -0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.08 to -0.02), corresponding to an estimated 0.05-point decrease in GPA on the 0–4 scale for each 1-point increase in PSQI. Higher PSQI scores were also associated with higher odds of GPA &lt; 3.0 (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09–1.29), corresponding to an 18% increase in the odds of GPA &lt; 3.0 for each 1-point increase in PSQI.</p> Conclusions <p>Worse subjective sleep quality was associated with poorer academic performance and greater odds of GPA &lt; 3.0 among two-year college students. As a brief screening tool, the PSQI may serve as a first-pass indicator of sleep-wake strain in two-year college settings. However, it does not directly measure circadian phase, sleep timing, social jetlag, or day-to-day regularity. Future studies should incorporate rhythm-specific measures to clarify circadian and homeostatic pathways more directly.</p>

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Sleep Quality as a Low-Burden Indicator of Sleep-Wake Strain and Academic Functioning in Two-Year College Students

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Ryan Ismail,
  • Razi Lawabni

摘要

Background/Objectives

To test whether subjective sleep quality is associated with academic functioning in two-year college students and to evaluate the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as a low-burden indicator of sleep-wake strain.

Methods

We conducted a one-time, anonymous web-based survey at a Midwestern two-year community college (n = 209). Sleep quality was assessed with the PSQI (0–21, with higher scores indicating worse sleep). Students self-reported cumulative grade point average (GPA; 0–4). We used linear regression models for cumulative GPA and logistic regression models for GPA < 3.0, adjusted for age, gender, and enrollment status.

Results

Poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) was prevalent (73.7%). Higher PSQI scores were associated with lower cumulative GPA (β = -0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.08 to -0.02), corresponding to an estimated 0.05-point decrease in GPA on the 0–4 scale for each 1-point increase in PSQI. Higher PSQI scores were also associated with higher odds of GPA < 3.0 (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09–1.29), corresponding to an 18% increase in the odds of GPA < 3.0 for each 1-point increase in PSQI.

Conclusions

Worse subjective sleep quality was associated with poorer academic performance and greater odds of GPA < 3.0 among two-year college students. As a brief screening tool, the PSQI may serve as a first-pass indicator of sleep-wake strain in two-year college settings. However, it does not directly measure circadian phase, sleep timing, social jetlag, or day-to-day regularity. Future studies should incorporate rhythm-specific measures to clarify circadian and homeostatic pathways more directly.