Nutritional Status in Patients with Pressure Ulcers
摘要
Pressure ulcers are one of the major challenges among hospitalized patients, contributing to increased mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and elevated disease burden. The present study aimed to comprehensively assess the nutritional status of hospitalized patients suffering from pressure ulcers.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, from October 2022 to October 2023. Demographic information, hospitalization reasons, medications, wound characteristics (including onset time, size, and stage based on the PUSH questionnaire), type of dressing, and nutritional status were assessed using the Patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). PG-SGA questionnaire, anthropometric data, laboratory markers, clinical signs, and dietary intake were collected.
ResultsA total of 82 patients participated, with a mean age of 66.06 ± 17.61 years; 58.5% were male. The mean PUSH score was 10.6 ± 3.7, and the mean PG-SGA score was 10.07 ± 3.9. Severe malnutrition was observed in 26.8% of patients and moderate malnutrition in 63.4%. Enteral nutrition was provided to 96.4% (79 patients), while 2 patients (2.4%) received supplemental enteral and parenteral nutrition. The average BMI was 22.35 ± 2.31 kg/m2. Weight loss over the past month was absent in 41% of patients; 48% experienced 2–5% weight loss, and 13% had 5–10% weight loss. No patient experienced weight loss greater than 10% in the past month. There was a statistically significant relationship between weight loss and PG-SGA score (p = 0.001). PG-SGA scores were significantly lower in patients with pressure ulcer areas ≥ 12 cm² compared to those with ulcers < 12 cm² (p = 0.01).
ConclusionIn this study, over two-thirds of patients with pressure ulcers were found to have moderate or severe malnutrition. Therefore, appropriate nutritional screening and intervention are essential for all patients with pressure ulcers.