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Background <p>Primary pulmonary neurofibroma is a rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that may arise within the bronchial tree or lung parenchyma. Because it mimics other spindle cell neoplasms, establishing a correct diagnosis is important for optimal management.</p> Case Presentation <p>A 32-year-old woman presented with progressive dry cough, exertional breathlessness and right-sided chest discomfort for eight months. Imaging revealed a well circumscribed mass in the right upper lobe measuring approximately 10 × 8 × 9.8&#xa0;cm. CT-guided core biopsy showed an unencapsulated spindle cell lesion composed of wavy nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse S-100 and CD34 positivity with podoplanin (D2-40) expression confirming the diagnosis. The patient subsequently underwent surgical excision at a different centre and remained symptom free at one-year follow-up.</p> Conclusion <p>Although rare, pulmonary neurofibroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intrathoracic spindle cell tumors. Correlation of morphology and an appropriate immunohistochemical panel are essential to distinguish it from schwannoma, solitary fibrous tumor and other spindle cell neoplasms. Complete excision is usually curative.</p>

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Primary Pulmonary Neurofibroma: Diagnostic Approach to a Common Tumor at an Uncommon Site – A Case Report

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Rakesh Kumar Gupta,
  • Bhoomika Kaushik,
  • Shaurya Vijayran,
  • Ranganath Ganga,
  • Mudalsha Ravina

摘要

Background

Primary pulmonary neurofibroma is a rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that may arise within the bronchial tree or lung parenchyma. Because it mimics other spindle cell neoplasms, establishing a correct diagnosis is important for optimal management.

Case Presentation

A 32-year-old woman presented with progressive dry cough, exertional breathlessness and right-sided chest discomfort for eight months. Imaging revealed a well circumscribed mass in the right upper lobe measuring approximately 10 × 8 × 9.8 cm. CT-guided core biopsy showed an unencapsulated spindle cell lesion composed of wavy nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse S-100 and CD34 positivity with podoplanin (D2-40) expression confirming the diagnosis. The patient subsequently underwent surgical excision at a different centre and remained symptom free at one-year follow-up.

Conclusion

Although rare, pulmonary neurofibroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intrathoracic spindle cell tumors. Correlation of morphology and an appropriate immunohistochemical panel are essential to distinguish it from schwannoma, solitary fibrous tumor and other spindle cell neoplasms. Complete excision is usually curative.