<p>‌The deep temporal artery (DTA), comprising a group of arteries, arises from the external carotid artery and plays multiple roles in various head diseases. Due to the DTA’s complex involvement in these pathologies, a review of the literature and clinical experience is essential. This review examines the following aspects: the basic angiographic anatomy of the DTA, complications arising from DTA injury during cosmetic procedures, the DTA’s role in moyamoya disease, its function in supplying both vascular and nonvascular head lesions, DTA involvement in traumatic pseudoaneurysm and fistula formation, its association with subacute/chronic subdural hematoma, and its critical role in temporalis muscle flap. The review found that during cosmetic procedures, the DTA’s anatomy requires careful understanding to prevent embolic agents from entering the ophthalmic artery due to hazard anastomosis, which could result in blindness. In moyamoya disease, the DTA supplies blood to the cerebral hemisphere. For head lesions, the DTA serves as a supplementary transarterial pathway for embolization. Traumatic injuries may lead to DTA pseudoaneurysm or fistula formation. In subacute/subdural hematoma cases, the DTA may function as a concealed feeding artery, potentially contributing to hematoma recurrence after middle meningeal artery embolization. Additionally, the DTA’s robust blood flow ensures the viability of temporalis muscle flaps used for repairing various defects. Thus, the DTA represents a vital component in head diseases.</p>