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Purpose of Review <p>This narrative review aims to synthesize the existing literature on isolated temporalis muscle hypertrophy, focusing on its clinical presentation, diagnostic pathways, and current treatment approaches, with a particular emphasis on botulinum toxin A protocols and surgical interventions.</p> Recent Findings <p>Isolated temporal hypertrophy is a rare condition, with only 22 documented cases to date (13 unilateral, 9 bilateral). It is often misdiagnosed or overlooked due to interdisciplinary referral patterns, leading to delayed recognition. Recent literature has identified parafunctional habits and idiopathic origins as common etiologies. Imaging modalities such as MRI and CT play a critical role in differential diagnosis, while biopsy may be necessary in uncertain cases. Although botulinum toxin A has emerged as a minimally invasive therapeutic option, the lack of standardized dosing and injection techniques poses a challenge. Surgical options, including partial resection and myosuction, are considered in refractory cases.</p> Summary <p>Isolated temporalis hypertrophy presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and variable symptomatology. This review underscores the need for standardized botulinum toxin A injection protocols and improved interdisciplinary collaboration. By consolidating reported cases and treatments, it aims to enhance clinical awareness and support evidence-based decision-making in the management of this uncommon musculoskeletal condition.</p>

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Current Concepts of Isolated Temporalis Muscle Hypertrophy: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月29日

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  • Suat Aktaş,
  • Ömer Uranbey,
  • Burcu Gürsoytrak

摘要

Purpose of Review

This narrative review aims to synthesize the existing literature on isolated temporalis muscle hypertrophy, focusing on its clinical presentation, diagnostic pathways, and current treatment approaches, with a particular emphasis on botulinum toxin A protocols and surgical interventions.

Recent Findings

Isolated temporal hypertrophy is a rare condition, with only 22 documented cases to date (13 unilateral, 9 bilateral). It is often misdiagnosed or overlooked due to interdisciplinary referral patterns, leading to delayed recognition. Recent literature has identified parafunctional habits and idiopathic origins as common etiologies. Imaging modalities such as MRI and CT play a critical role in differential diagnosis, while biopsy may be necessary in uncertain cases. Although botulinum toxin A has emerged as a minimally invasive therapeutic option, the lack of standardized dosing and injection techniques poses a challenge. Surgical options, including partial resection and myosuction, are considered in refractory cases.

Summary

Isolated temporalis hypertrophy presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and variable symptomatology. This review underscores the need for standardized botulinum toxin A injection protocols and improved interdisciplinary collaboration. By consolidating reported cases and treatments, it aims to enhance clinical awareness and support evidence-based decision-making in the management of this uncommon musculoskeletal condition.