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Objective <p>Health-promoting lifestyles and parenting styles are key psychological and social determinants that can influence women’s willingness to have children. This study aimed to explore the relationship between health-promoting lifestyles and parenting styles with childbearing willingness among women of reproductive age in Gonabad City.</p> Methods <p>This descriptive correlational study examined 363 married women aged 18 to 45 in Gonabad, Iran, in 2024. Participants were selected using a two-stage stratified random sampling method. Data were gathered via a demographic questionnaire, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, the Naqibi childbearing willingness questionnaire, and Baumrind’s parenting style questionnaire. Participants received a link to the questionnaire; for those who did not have a smartphone, the questions were read to them through the phone and responses were collected. The researcher visited the homes of some participants to complete the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Spearman, and linear regression tests (SPSS 22, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>Participants’ average age was 35.22 ± 6.24&#xa0;years. This study found a strong correlation between a health-promoting lifestyle (<i>r</i> = 0.34, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) (especially spiritual growth dimensions’ <i>r</i> = 0.40, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and assertive parenting style with women’s willingness to have children (<i>r</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that spiritual growth was the strongest predictor of childbearing willingness (<i>β</i> = 0.309), followed by an assertive parenting style (<i>β</i> = 0.256).</p> Conclusion <p>This study found a strong correlation between a health-promoting lifestyle (especially spiritual growth dimensions’) and assertive parenting style with women’s willingness to have children. Therefore, encouraging families to adopt health-promoting lifestyles and assertive parenting is recommended to positively influence childbearing decisions.</p>

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The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and a Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Women’s Willingness to Have Children

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • Amir Hassani,
  • Elham Saberi,
  • Hossein Ajamzibad

摘要

Objective

Health-promoting lifestyles and parenting styles are key psychological and social determinants that can influence women’s willingness to have children. This study aimed to explore the relationship between health-promoting lifestyles and parenting styles with childbearing willingness among women of reproductive age in Gonabad City.

Methods

This descriptive correlational study examined 363 married women aged 18 to 45 in Gonabad, Iran, in 2024. Participants were selected using a two-stage stratified random sampling method. Data were gathered via a demographic questionnaire, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, the Naqibi childbearing willingness questionnaire, and Baumrind’s parenting style questionnaire. Participants received a link to the questionnaire; for those who did not have a smartphone, the questions were read to them through the phone and responses were collected. The researcher visited the homes of some participants to complete the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Spearman, and linear regression tests (SPSS 22, p < 0.05).

Results

Participants’ average age was 35.22 ± 6.24 years. This study found a strong correlation between a health-promoting lifestyle (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) (especially spiritual growth dimensions’ r = 0.40, p < 0.001) and assertive parenting style with women’s willingness to have children (r = 0.20, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that spiritual growth was the strongest predictor of childbearing willingness (β = 0.309), followed by an assertive parenting style (β = 0.256).

Conclusion

This study found a strong correlation between a health-promoting lifestyle (especially spiritual growth dimensions’) and assertive parenting style with women’s willingness to have children. Therefore, encouraging families to adopt health-promoting lifestyles and assertive parenting is recommended to positively influence childbearing decisions.