Non-traumatic Spontaneous Heterotopic Ossification Causing Elbow Ankylosis in a Pediatric Hemophiliac: A Case Report on Management in Low-Resource Settings
摘要
Heterotopic ossification (HO), soft-tissue ossification due to muscle trauma, is fairly common in individuals with hemophilia, but uncommon in the pediatric age group. Bridging ankylosis is even rarer.
Case PresentationWe report the case of an 11-year-old boy with moderate hemophilia A who presented with atraumatic complete left elbow ankylosis, following complaints of spontaneous swelling and stiffness and two instances of massaging and bandaging over a 4-year period. Radiography was suggestive of heterotopic ossification forming a bony bar, or bridge, and surgical excision was performed with recombinant factor 7 and Emicizumab coverage. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis, and physiotherapy ensured reasonable functional recovery in the immediate postoperative period and the first week. The patient developed a hematoma on the seventh postoperative day, extending from the suture site to the periosteum in the intermuscular plane. Alterations to his postoperative regimen and careful monitoring ensured hematoma resolution.
ConclusionsHO is underreported, and it is unsurprising that there is also little literature on evidence-based guidelines for surgical excision and managing potential hematomas. This paper aims to highlight a case of clinical interest with bridging ankylosis and no history of trauma and consolidate insights from existing literature on diagnosis, management, and the pitfalls of attempting surgical repair in low-resource settings with poor patient compliance. We focus on post-operative complications affecting functionality and potential recurrence in such environments.
Level of Evidence: 4