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<p>Pain following blood sampling is often experienced by patients hospitalized for clinical diagnostic evaluation. This study aimed to compare the local anesthetics with cathodal and anodal direct current (DC) stimulation on pain of vascular puncture. Patients were randomly divided into four groups: control, local anesthetic, cathodal-DC, and anodal-DC. Lidocaine and prilocaine combined ointment, EMLA, was administered topically for local anesthetic. We applied 5&#xa0;mA cathodal- or anodal-DC using a syringe needle. It was at the site of the vascular puncture. The pain level was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). This was done immediately, at 1, 3, and 5&#xa0;min after the blood sampling. Attempts frequency and procedure time were also recorded. There is a statistically significant difference in pain level between study groups, in both procedures. In the arterial puncture process, EMLA and both DCs significantly reduced pain at immediately after procedure. In the cathodal-DC group, more significant analgesia was observed than in other intervention groups. In venous puncture, the VAS showed that cathodal- and anodal-DC reduced pain more than EMLA. This reduction in pain was significant in minutes 3 and 5 after the procedure. DCs reduced the procedure time and attempt frequency more than the other groups, especially the cathodal-DC. We found that stimulating DCs while inserting the needle tip into the deep layers reduced the pain of vascular puncture, especially with cathodal-DC. Reducing pain also leads to a reduction in the sampling time and the frequency of attempts. Trial registration: IRCT20240123060780N1, Registration data: 2024–01-27 (<a href="https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/75119">https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/75119</a>).</p>

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Comparison of Direct Current Stimulation and Local Anesthetic in Reducing of Pain Related to Arterial and Venous Puncture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • Ebrahim Ezzati,
  • Roghaye Mahooti,
  • Fatemah Kavyannejad,
  • Mohamad Sadegh Paran,
  • Saeed Mohammadi,
  • Rasoul Kavyannejad

摘要

Pain following blood sampling is often experienced by patients hospitalized for clinical diagnostic evaluation. This study aimed to compare the local anesthetics with cathodal and anodal direct current (DC) stimulation on pain of vascular puncture. Patients were randomly divided into four groups: control, local anesthetic, cathodal-DC, and anodal-DC. Lidocaine and prilocaine combined ointment, EMLA, was administered topically for local anesthetic. We applied 5 mA cathodal- or anodal-DC using a syringe needle. It was at the site of the vascular puncture. The pain level was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). This was done immediately, at 1, 3, and 5 min after the blood sampling. Attempts frequency and procedure time were also recorded. There is a statistically significant difference in pain level between study groups, in both procedures. In the arterial puncture process, EMLA and both DCs significantly reduced pain at immediately after procedure. In the cathodal-DC group, more significant analgesia was observed than in other intervention groups. In venous puncture, the VAS showed that cathodal- and anodal-DC reduced pain more than EMLA. This reduction in pain was significant in minutes 3 and 5 after the procedure. DCs reduced the procedure time and attempt frequency more than the other groups, especially the cathodal-DC. We found that stimulating DCs while inserting the needle tip into the deep layers reduced the pain of vascular puncture, especially with cathodal-DC. Reducing pain also leads to a reduction in the sampling time and the frequency of attempts. Trial registration: IRCT20240123060780N1, Registration data: 2024–01-27 (https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/75119).