<p>Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) include a diverse group of pharmacologically active compounds, which, when accumulated in the environment in high concentrations, can lead to numerous toxic effects on the biota. Most of the conventional methods of waste water treatment are not efficient for removing complex recalcitrant chemicals such as PPCPs. Researchers have reported that technologies such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs), advanced oxidation process (AOP), and the Fenton reaction can break down complex, refractory PPCPs, but the high operational cost associated with these technologies limit their application in a large scale. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), have been shown to effectively degrade PPCP pollutants, including caffeine, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs, while simultaneously generating bioelectricity. The degradation of pharmaceuticals such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and paracetamol involves exogenous and endogenous bacterial enzymes for breakdown, modification, and intracellular accumulation, contributing to energy generation. In some recent studies with MFCs integrated with other systems, like constructed wetland -MFCs and photo-MFCs proved more impactful while dealing with PPCPs. Therefore, MFCs and MFCs-integrated technologies have immense potential in the removal of toxic and emerging pollutants as PPCPs.</p>