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<p>The application of biochar as a soil conditioner is well known; however, studies on the variability of the effect of biochar derived from different sources are very limited. The present study aims to investigate the varying impact of biochar derived from different waste types on the soil’s physical and chemical properties, enzymatic activities, and the productivity of tomato plants (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.). The sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell, rice straw, poultry manure, and distilled wastes of <i>Ocimum</i>, <i>Mentha</i>, and lemongrass were used for biochar production. The biochar-amended soil demonstrated higher organic carbon (0.5–0.85%) than the control (0.3%). Likewise, an increase in cation exchange capacity (12–21 meq/100&#xa0;g), water holding capacity (36–44%), NH<sub>4</sub>-N (13–16&#xa0;mg/kg), and NO<sub>3</sub>-N (17–22&#xa0;mg/kg) of soil was observed in biochar treatments as compared to the control (8 meq/100&#xa0;g, 30%, 9&#xa0;mg/kg and 11&#xa0;mg/kg, respectively). A decrease in bulk density in biochar-treated soil (0.62–0.78&#xa0;g cm<sup>3</sup>) was observed over control soil (0.83&#xa0;g cm<sup>3</sup>). Amendment of <i>Mentha</i> waste-derived biochar displayed more improvement in organic carbon and water-holding capacity of soil, while application of poultry manure-derived biochar showed a higher increase in the availability of phosphorus and micro-nutrients (Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn) in soil. Applying biochar prepared from <i>Mentha</i> waste, bagasse, and coconut shell enhanced alkaline phosphatase, urease, and dehydrogenase activities in soil. <i>Ocimum</i> waste, coconut shell, and poultry manure biochar showed higher numbers of flowers per plant (10–12%), fruit yield (6–7%), lycopene (17–23%), and β-carotene (20–22%) as compared to the control. However, DPPH free-radical scavenging of tomatoes was higher (17–19%) in sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, and poultry manure biochar treatments than in the control. The variabilities in biochar properties and their impact on soil and plant quality suggest that a tailored combination of different biochars should be utilized to achieve optimal results.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Comparative assessment of biochar produced from various wastes for improvement in soil quality and growth of Solanum lycopersicum L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Mohd. Ahsan,
  • Aman Siddqui,
  • Versha Pandey,
  • Puja Khare

摘要

The application of biochar as a soil conditioner is well known; however, studies on the variability of the effect of biochar derived from different sources are very limited. The present study aims to investigate the varying impact of biochar derived from different waste types on the soil’s physical and chemical properties, enzymatic activities, and the productivity of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell, rice straw, poultry manure, and distilled wastes of Ocimum, Mentha, and lemongrass were used for biochar production. The biochar-amended soil demonstrated higher organic carbon (0.5–0.85%) than the control (0.3%). Likewise, an increase in cation exchange capacity (12–21 meq/100 g), water holding capacity (36–44%), NH4-N (13–16 mg/kg), and NO3-N (17–22 mg/kg) of soil was observed in biochar treatments as compared to the control (8 meq/100 g, 30%, 9 mg/kg and 11 mg/kg, respectively). A decrease in bulk density in biochar-treated soil (0.62–0.78 g cm3) was observed over control soil (0.83 g cm3). Amendment of Mentha waste-derived biochar displayed more improvement in organic carbon and water-holding capacity of soil, while application of poultry manure-derived biochar showed a higher increase in the availability of phosphorus and micro-nutrients (Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn) in soil. Applying biochar prepared from Mentha waste, bagasse, and coconut shell enhanced alkaline phosphatase, urease, and dehydrogenase activities in soil. Ocimum waste, coconut shell, and poultry manure biochar showed higher numbers of flowers per plant (10–12%), fruit yield (6–7%), lycopene (17–23%), and β-carotene (20–22%) as compared to the control. However, DPPH free-radical scavenging of tomatoes was higher (17–19%) in sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, and poultry manure biochar treatments than in the control. The variabilities in biochar properties and their impact on soil and plant quality suggest that a tailored combination of different biochars should be utilized to achieve optimal results.

Graphical Abstract