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<p>Rice and wheat, the two most important staple cereals globally, are highly exposed to fungal diseases that contribute to severe yield and quality losses. Fungicides remain the primary defense strategy, yet their intensive use has led to growing concerns about resistance development, environmental contamination, non-target effects and rising production costs. This has stimulated interest in alternative or complementary approaches for sustainable disease management. As a consequence, several herbicides have been reported to exhibit antifungal properties, either by directly inhibiting fungal growth or indirectly enhancing host defense mechanisms. Herbicides such as pendimethalin, trifluralin, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, pretilachlorlor, propanil, thiobencarb, anilophos, glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium and 2,4-D have shown varying degrees of efficacy against fungal pathogens affecting rice and wheat. However, existing evidence remains fragmented across crop protection disciplines. The prime research gap lies in the absence of a comprehensive synthesis of herbicide-induced antifungal activity, mechanisms of action, pathogen specificity and field-level performance with special reference to rice wheat cropping sequence. This review aims to consolidate current evidence, identify promising herbicide groups and mechanisms, highlight methodological strengths and limitations and define future research directions with special focus on their antifungal potential. By addressing these gaps, it seeks to guide interdisciplinary research and promote sustainable, integrated disease management strategies to strengthen global food security.</p>

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Antifungal property of herbicides against pathogens and diseases of rice-wheat cropping sequence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Ram Singh,
  • Annie Khanna,
  • Prem Lal Kashyap

摘要

Rice and wheat, the two most important staple cereals globally, are highly exposed to fungal diseases that contribute to severe yield and quality losses. Fungicides remain the primary defense strategy, yet their intensive use has led to growing concerns about resistance development, environmental contamination, non-target effects and rising production costs. This has stimulated interest in alternative or complementary approaches for sustainable disease management. As a consequence, several herbicides have been reported to exhibit antifungal properties, either by directly inhibiting fungal growth or indirectly enhancing host defense mechanisms. Herbicides such as pendimethalin, trifluralin, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, pretilachlorlor, propanil, thiobencarb, anilophos, glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium and 2,4-D have shown varying degrees of efficacy against fungal pathogens affecting rice and wheat. However, existing evidence remains fragmented across crop protection disciplines. The prime research gap lies in the absence of a comprehensive synthesis of herbicide-induced antifungal activity, mechanisms of action, pathogen specificity and field-level performance with special reference to rice wheat cropping sequence. This review aims to consolidate current evidence, identify promising herbicide groups and mechanisms, highlight methodological strengths and limitations and define future research directions with special focus on their antifungal potential. By addressing these gaps, it seeks to guide interdisciplinary research and promote sustainable, integrated disease management strategies to strengthen global food security.