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<p>Black rot, caused by <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> (Xcc), poses a major threat to crucifer crops worldwide, including vegetables, oilseeds, and ornamentals. The pathogen survives in seeds, crop residues, and weeds, entering plants through hydathodes and spreading systemically via vascular tissues, with symptoms such as V-shaped necrotic leaf margins and vein blackening. Diagnosis relies on visual observation, classical pathogen characterization, and advanced methods like serological and PCR-based techniques for early detection. Xcc strains are classified into 11 races, with races 1 and 4 most prevalent, and exhibit genetic diversity revealed through Rep-PCR, RAPD, and multilocus sequence typing. Avirulence genes and type III effectors play key roles in pathogenesis. Infected seeds and debris serve as primary inoculum sources. Management strategies include seed treatments, biocontrol agents, foliar sprays, botanicals, and integrated disease management practices. This review summarizes recent advances in the diagnosis, diversity, and management of black rot in crucifers.</p>

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Black rot of crucifers: recent advances and future perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Dinesh Singh

摘要

Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), poses a major threat to crucifer crops worldwide, including vegetables, oilseeds, and ornamentals. The pathogen survives in seeds, crop residues, and weeds, entering plants through hydathodes and spreading systemically via vascular tissues, with symptoms such as V-shaped necrotic leaf margins and vein blackening. Diagnosis relies on visual observation, classical pathogen characterization, and advanced methods like serological and PCR-based techniques for early detection. Xcc strains are classified into 11 races, with races 1 and 4 most prevalent, and exhibit genetic diversity revealed through Rep-PCR, RAPD, and multilocus sequence typing. Avirulence genes and type III effectors play key roles in pathogenesis. Infected seeds and debris serve as primary inoculum sources. Management strategies include seed treatments, biocontrol agents, foliar sprays, botanicals, and integrated disease management practices. This review summarizes recent advances in the diagnosis, diversity, and management of black rot in crucifers.