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<p>The use of multifunctional native <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. in the biological management of plant diseases could be an alternative for using chemicals. <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> is a significant soil-borne pathogen responsible for stem rot in groundnut, found in all cultivation regions around the globe. Keeping this in view, the research was focused on the tripartite interactions of plant-pathogen and <i>Trichoderma</i> in groundnut. Plant defense enzymes like polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and, peroxidase (PO) was estimated among the different treatments. In pot experiment, seed and soil application with <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Thar23 significantly (P &lt; 0.05) induced the secretion of higher amount of defense enzyme Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (18.58 U/ml), peroxidase (3.03 U/ml), polyphenol oxidase (5.52 U/ml) on 96&#xa0;h after challenge inoculation with pathogen <i>S. rolfsii.</i> Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of the <i>T. harzianum</i> Thar23 on defense related genes namely PR2, PR3 and PAL in comparison with untreated control. The treatment with <i>T. harzianum</i> Thar23 and challenge <i>S. rolfsii</i> inoculation expressed a higher degree of fold increase of pathogenesis-related genes in host. The effect of <i>T. harzianum</i> Thar23 on the elucidation of root exudates during tripartite interactions was also studied. A total of 58 organic compounds were detected by GC–MS/MS, namely Organic acids (22), Amino acids (11), Fatty acids (06), Sugars (06), Hydrocarbons (04) and others (10). The root exudates released during the tripartite interactions including succinic acid, propanoic acid, furancarboxylic acid, phenylacetic acid, oxalic acid, phenylacetic acid, palmitic acid 3-indolepyruvic acid, glycolic acid, methylmaleic acid, β-glycerophosphoric acid and methyl jasmonate were higher in comparison with control suggested that the influence of <i>T. harzianum</i> Thar23 in the release of the defense molecules against soil borne pathogens and also improve the crop health.</p>

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Induction of defense mechanisms in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) against stem rot pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii by Trichoderma spp. during tripartite interactions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月23日

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  • M. Raja,
  • Rakesh Kumar Sharma,
  • Prashant Prakash Jambhulkar,
  • Pratibha Sharma

摘要

The use of multifunctional native Trichoderma spp. in the biological management of plant diseases could be an alternative for using chemicals. Sclerotium rolfsii is a significant soil-borne pathogen responsible for stem rot in groundnut, found in all cultivation regions around the globe. Keeping this in view, the research was focused on the tripartite interactions of plant-pathogen and Trichoderma in groundnut. Plant defense enzymes like polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and, peroxidase (PO) was estimated among the different treatments. In pot experiment, seed and soil application with Trichoderma harzianum Thar23 significantly (P < 0.05) induced the secretion of higher amount of defense enzyme Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (18.58 U/ml), peroxidase (3.03 U/ml), polyphenol oxidase (5.52 U/ml) on 96 h after challenge inoculation with pathogen S. rolfsii. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of the T. harzianum Thar23 on defense related genes namely PR2, PR3 and PAL in comparison with untreated control. The treatment with T. harzianum Thar23 and challenge S. rolfsii inoculation expressed a higher degree of fold increase of pathogenesis-related genes in host. The effect of T. harzianum Thar23 on the elucidation of root exudates during tripartite interactions was also studied. A total of 58 organic compounds were detected by GC–MS/MS, namely Organic acids (22), Amino acids (11), Fatty acids (06), Sugars (06), Hydrocarbons (04) and others (10). The root exudates released during the tripartite interactions including succinic acid, propanoic acid, furancarboxylic acid, phenylacetic acid, oxalic acid, phenylacetic acid, palmitic acid 3-indolepyruvic acid, glycolic acid, methylmaleic acid, β-glycerophosphoric acid and methyl jasmonate were higher in comparison with control suggested that the influence of T. harzianum Thar23 in the release of the defense molecules against soil borne pathogens and also improve the crop health.