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<p>The ‘King of Spices,’ <i>Piper nigrum</i> L., holds significant economic and cultural value but faces a serious threat from foot rot disease caused by <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> and <i>Phytophthora tropicalis</i>. Due to environmental concerns and rising antimicrobial resistance, fungicide use is becoming less favored, making the identification of naturally resistant cultivars crucial for sustainable disease management. While cultivars such as IISR Shakti (tolerant), IISR Thevam (field resistant), and Panniyur varieties (tolerant) show some resistance, a fully resistant <i>P. nigrum</i> variety has yet to be developed. Molecular studies have sought to understand the mechanisms behind the differential responses of these cultivars, with ‘Omics’ approaches providing substantial data. Key elements in <i>P. nigrum</i>’s immune response include resistant (R) genes, resistance gene analogues (RGAs), pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Additionally, microsatellites and microRNAs act as regulators in the plant’s defense. This review summarizes recent molecular advances in the <i>Phytophthora</i>–<i>Piper</i> pathosystem, focusing on the complex regulatory networks involved in the plant’s immune response.</p>

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Exploring the molecular mechanisms of host plant resistance in Black pepper against Phytophthora: current perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • Deepudas,
  • Bindu R. Nair

摘要

The ‘King of Spices,’ Piper nigrum L., holds significant economic and cultural value but faces a serious threat from foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora tropicalis. Due to environmental concerns and rising antimicrobial resistance, fungicide use is becoming less favored, making the identification of naturally resistant cultivars crucial for sustainable disease management. While cultivars such as IISR Shakti (tolerant), IISR Thevam (field resistant), and Panniyur varieties (tolerant) show some resistance, a fully resistant P. nigrum variety has yet to be developed. Molecular studies have sought to understand the mechanisms behind the differential responses of these cultivars, with ‘Omics’ approaches providing substantial data. Key elements in P. nigrum’s immune response include resistant (R) genes, resistance gene analogues (RGAs), pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Additionally, microsatellites and microRNAs act as regulators in the plant’s defense. This review summarizes recent molecular advances in the Phytophthora–Piper pathosystem, focusing on the complex regulatory networks involved in the plant’s immune response.