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<p>In this study, single-phase Mn-doped Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ((x = 4, 7, and 10)Mn-Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanospheres synthesized using glycerate-assisted solvothermal reaction exhibited remarkable H<sub>2</sub> sensing behavior. The XRD and XPS analyses confirmed the effect of Mn-doping on lattice distortion, defect formation, and electronic properties. Furthermore, Mn-doping led to morphological transformations from polished Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanospheres to uniform hierarchical wrinkled nanospheres, showing significantly increased surface area and enhanced porosity features. The optimal (x = 7)Mn-Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> sensor demonstrated an outstanding H<sub>2</sub> response at a reduced operating temperature of 250&#xa0;°C with 5.0 and 6.0 times of response value higher than that of the pristine Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> at 100 and 1000 ppm H<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The rapid response/recovery times along with an ultra-low detection limit down to 1 ppm indicated the wide-range and ultrahigh sensitivity of H<sub>2</sub> monitoring system. Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, reliable performance under humid conditions, and operational stability over 50 days. These findings highlight the potential of Mn-doped Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanospheres for advanced, real-world hydrogen detection technologies.</p>

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Mn-doped Sn3O4 Nanospheres for Wide-Range Hydrogen Detection in Metal-Oxide Resistive Sensor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Xinlu Liu

摘要

In this study, single-phase Mn-doped Sn3O4 ((x = 4, 7, and 10)Mn-Sn3O4) nanospheres synthesized using glycerate-assisted solvothermal reaction exhibited remarkable H2 sensing behavior. The XRD and XPS analyses confirmed the effect of Mn-doping on lattice distortion, defect formation, and electronic properties. Furthermore, Mn-doping led to morphological transformations from polished Sn3O4 nanospheres to uniform hierarchical wrinkled nanospheres, showing significantly increased surface area and enhanced porosity features. The optimal (x = 7)Mn-Sn3O4 sensor demonstrated an outstanding H2 response at a reduced operating temperature of 250 °C with 5.0 and 6.0 times of response value higher than that of the pristine Sn3O4 at 100 and 1000 ppm H2, respectively. The rapid response/recovery times along with an ultra-low detection limit down to 1 ppm indicated the wide-range and ultrahigh sensitivity of H2 monitoring system. Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, reliable performance under humid conditions, and operational stability over 50 days. These findings highlight the potential of Mn-doped Sn3O4 nanospheres for advanced, real-world hydrogen detection technologies.