Performance analysis and science mapping of outdoor play in children
摘要
This bibliometric review synthesizes 1,102 English research and review articles on “outdoor play”, “risky play”, and “adventurous play” indexed between 1980 and 2025 in Web of Science. Output spans 401 sources with annual growth rate of 9.08%, yielding 34,435 references and an average of 23 citations per document; international co-authorship reaches 20.78% (co-authors per doc = 4.69). Key outlets include the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, and BMC Public Health. Conceptually, keyword co-occurrence reveals three cores: (i) outdoor play - physical activity – health; (ii) obesity – sedentary behaviour – overweight; and (iii) risky play – affordances – preschool. The USA (n = 247), Canada (n = 181), Australia (n = 122), and the UK (n = 117) anchor collaboration networks; the University of British Columbia is the most productive affiliation. Findings position outdoor play as a maturing, interdisciplinary field with rising output and impact. We translate these patterns into actionable implications for educators (curriculum-embedded outdoor play), school leaders (play-rich design), municipalities (equitable green-space access), and policymakers (national guidelines linking play time to physical-activity standards).