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Purpose <p>This study aimed to develop an environmentally benign and green synthetic method for selenium nanoparticles (G@SeNPs) using <i>Heracleum persicum</i> extract, to evaluate their toxicity, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.</p> Methods <p>G@SeNPs were synthesized by adding <i>H. persicum</i> extract to Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> and characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity was assessed against ATCC and clinical isolated strains, while antifungal activity was evaluated against Itraconazole resistant strains. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT assay on AGS and MCF-7 cell lines. In addition, the catalytic activity of G@SeNPs was examined through methylene blue degradation.</p> Results <p>TEM image revealed approximately spherical G@SeNPs (around 50&#xa0;nm). EDX confirmed the presence of selenium in the particles and XRD demonstrated crystalline nature of the NPs. Fabrication of G@SeNPs was supported by FTIR analysis. The prepared G@SeNPs indicated strong antibacterial efficacy against <i>E. coli</i> (MIC = 4.84&#xa0;µg/ml), <i>E. faecalis</i> (MIC = 9.69&#xa0;µg/ml), <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (MIC = 9.69&#xa0;µg/ml) with MBC values of 19.37, 38.75, and 155&#xa0;µg/ml. Similarly, G@SeNPs exhibited excellent antifungal activity against several Itraconazole resistant strains. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of G@SeNPs in MTT assay were 11.7 and 22.15&#xa0;µg/ml for AGS and MCF-7, respectively. Besides, G@SeNPs (70 and 50&#xa0;µl from 620&#xa0;µg/ml) degraded methylene blue dye by 100% and 80%, respectively.</p> Conclusion <p>The green G@SeNPs showed desirable physicochemical properties along with potent antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and catalytic activities, indicating their potential for biomedical and environmental applications.</p>

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Eco-Friendly Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Heracleum persicum: Discovery of Biological and Optical Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Seyedeh Roya Alizadeh,
  • Mobina Shahbazi Foumeshi,
  • Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh,
  • Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh

摘要

Purpose

This study aimed to develop an environmentally benign and green synthetic method for selenium nanoparticles (G@SeNPs) using Heracleum persicum extract, to evaluate their toxicity, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

Methods

G@SeNPs were synthesized by adding H. persicum extract to Na2SeO3 and characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity was assessed against ATCC and clinical isolated strains, while antifungal activity was evaluated against Itraconazole resistant strains. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT assay on AGS and MCF-7 cell lines. In addition, the catalytic activity of G@SeNPs was examined through methylene blue degradation.

Results

TEM image revealed approximately spherical G@SeNPs (around 50 nm). EDX confirmed the presence of selenium in the particles and XRD demonstrated crystalline nature of the NPs. Fabrication of G@SeNPs was supported by FTIR analysis. The prepared G@SeNPs indicated strong antibacterial efficacy against E. coli (MIC = 4.84 µg/ml), E. faecalis (MIC = 9.69 µg/ml), K. pneumoniae (MIC = 9.69 µg/ml) with MBC values of 19.37, 38.75, and 155 µg/ml. Similarly, G@SeNPs exhibited excellent antifungal activity against several Itraconazole resistant strains. The IC50 values of G@SeNPs in MTT assay were 11.7 and 22.15 µg/ml for AGS and MCF-7, respectively. Besides, G@SeNPs (70 and 50 µl from 620 µg/ml) degraded methylene blue dye by 100% and 80%, respectively.

Conclusion

The green G@SeNPs showed desirable physicochemical properties along with potent antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and catalytic activities, indicating their potential for biomedical and environmental applications.