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<p>This study presents an optimized photocatalytic degradation strategy for the removal of β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotics, specifically ceftriaxone sodium (CEFT) and cefuroxime sodium (CEFX), from pharmaceutical effluents to address the persistence of antibiotic residues in aquatic environments. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized via a co-precipitation route, while graphene-ZnO nanocomposites were fabricated employing hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized materials were determined by UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis. Effluent samples were initially assessed for basic water quality parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Process optimization for antibiotic degradation was carried out by varying pH and temperature conditions. Quantification of CEFT and CEFX before and after treatment was performed by a validated HPLC method. Maximum photocatalytic degradation 87.1% was achieved in less than 60&#xa0;min using 2&#xa0;mg/L catalyst at pH 8 &amp; temperature of 70 ℃. Implementation of the developed protocol on effluent samples collected from synthetic pharmaceutical industries demonstrated its practical applicability and robustness under real-world conditions.</p>

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Photocatalytic Removal of Cephalosporin Antibiotics from Aqueous Medium Using Graphene–ZnO Nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Arif Nazir,
  • Muhammad Shahzad Iqbal,
  • Hamza Arif,
  • Abid Ali,
  • Umer Younas,
  • Aimon Saleem,
  • Wesam Abd El-Fattah,
  • Munawar Iqbal,
  • Norah Alwadai

摘要

This study presents an optimized photocatalytic degradation strategy for the removal of β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotics, specifically ceftriaxone sodium (CEFT) and cefuroxime sodium (CEFX), from pharmaceutical effluents to address the persistence of antibiotic residues in aquatic environments. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized via a co-precipitation route, while graphene-ZnO nanocomposites were fabricated employing hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized materials were determined by UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis. Effluent samples were initially assessed for basic water quality parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Process optimization for antibiotic degradation was carried out by varying pH and temperature conditions. Quantification of CEFT and CEFX before and after treatment was performed by a validated HPLC method. Maximum photocatalytic degradation 87.1% was achieved in less than 60 min using 2 mg/L catalyst at pH 8 & temperature of 70 ℃. Implementation of the developed protocol on effluent samples collected from synthetic pharmaceutical industries demonstrated its practical applicability and robustness under real-world conditions.