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<p>Paraquat is a widely used but highly toxic herbicide which persists in aquatic environments due to its chemical stability, posing a significant risk to the ecosystems and human health. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are often ineffective in removing such recalcitrant compounds, necessitating the use of alternative approaches. This study investigates the degradation of paraquat in aqueous solutions using gamma irradiation from a cobalt-60 source, exploring its potential as an advanced oxidation process for environmental remediation. Paraquat solutions were irradiated at doses ranging from 1 to 8&#xa0;kGy, and degradation was monitored using UV-Visible spectroscopy, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. The results obtained show a 98% reduction in paraquat concentration at 8&#xa0;kGy, with degradation following pseudo-first-order kinetics (<i>k</i><sub>ₐₚₚ,PQ</sub> = (0.0059 ± 0.001) min⁻¹. Mineralization efficiency significantly decreased in COD and TOC levels, reaching up to 85% and 90% removal respectively at higher irradiation doses. The study further evaluated G-values to elucidate reactive species involvement and energy consumption metrics to assess treatment feasibility. Consequently, a mechanistic scheme was proposed based on the identification of degradation by-products, providing insight into the pathways of paraquat breakdown under gamma irradiation. The research findings indicate that gamma irradiation is an effective and sustainable method for paraquat remediation, providing valuable solutions and insights into radiation-induced degradation mechanisms and supporting its application in wastewater treatment technologies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Radiation-Induced Degradation of Paraquat, an Emerging Organic Pollutant in Aqueous Solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Anissa Dhaouadi,
  • Malak Ben Salem,
  • Felix Omonya Wanjala,
  • Amira Zaouak

摘要

Paraquat is a widely used but highly toxic herbicide which persists in aquatic environments due to its chemical stability, posing a significant risk to the ecosystems and human health. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are often ineffective in removing such recalcitrant compounds, necessitating the use of alternative approaches. This study investigates the degradation of paraquat in aqueous solutions using gamma irradiation from a cobalt-60 source, exploring its potential as an advanced oxidation process for environmental remediation. Paraquat solutions were irradiated at doses ranging from 1 to 8 kGy, and degradation was monitored using UV-Visible spectroscopy, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. The results obtained show a 98% reduction in paraquat concentration at 8 kGy, with degradation following pseudo-first-order kinetics (kₐₚₚ,PQ = (0.0059 ± 0.001) min⁻¹. Mineralization efficiency significantly decreased in COD and TOC levels, reaching up to 85% and 90% removal respectively at higher irradiation doses. The study further evaluated G-values to elucidate reactive species involvement and energy consumption metrics to assess treatment feasibility. Consequently, a mechanistic scheme was proposed based on the identification of degradation by-products, providing insight into the pathways of paraquat breakdown under gamma irradiation. The research findings indicate that gamma irradiation is an effective and sustainable method for paraquat remediation, providing valuable solutions and insights into radiation-induced degradation mechanisms and supporting its application in wastewater treatment technologies.

Graphical Abstract