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<p>In this study, a few-layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) and tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>) nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized through a facile liquid-phase exfoliation route using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an exfoliating solvent. This work introduces a solvent-driven stabilization, where electrostatic interactions between DMF carbonyl groups and Mo/W atoms as revealed by C = O red-shift (23/9&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>) in FTIR studies, prevented agglomeration, ensuring a long-term colloidal stability (&gt; 6-months) of the NSs, a key advancement over conventional exfoliation methods<i>.</i> Exfoliated NSs show characteristic excitonic blue shifts and trap-state photoluminescence (PL) in optical spectra, evidencing few-layer structures with improved charge separation. Structural and morphological characterizations substantiated the formation of few-layer NSs with reduced crystallinity and thickness. Wide band gaps (2.25/1.85&#xa0;eV), PL trap states, and negative zeta potentials enable &gt; 98% photocatalytic degradation&#xa0;of five cationic dyes (methylene blue, malachite green, brilliant green, crystal violet, acridine orange) and their mixtures within&#xa0;14–28&#xa0;min&#xa0;under UV-C which is 5–10 times faster&#xa0;than the reported bare transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) literature. Post-degradation analyses of dye mixture through morphological, elemental and chromatographic studies confirm structural integrity of the NSs and complete mineralization of dye molecules. Furthermore, a simple solvent extraction approach enabled efficient recovery and reuse of the catalyst for multiple cycles, with treated water meeting the criteria for agricultural reuse. This sustainable LPE approach delivers scalable, high-performance TMDC photocatalysts for textile wastewater remediation, combining superior kinetics, stability, and environmental safety.</p>

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Facile Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Molybdenum Disulfide and Tungsten Disulfide Nanosheets for High-Performance Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic Dyes and their Mixture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • T. Pandiselvi,
  • V. Sridevi

摘要

In this study, a few-layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized through a facile liquid-phase exfoliation route using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an exfoliating solvent. This work introduces a solvent-driven stabilization, where electrostatic interactions between DMF carbonyl groups and Mo/W atoms as revealed by C = O red-shift (23/9 cm⁻1) in FTIR studies, prevented agglomeration, ensuring a long-term colloidal stability (> 6-months) of the NSs, a key advancement over conventional exfoliation methods. Exfoliated NSs show characteristic excitonic blue shifts and trap-state photoluminescence (PL) in optical spectra, evidencing few-layer structures with improved charge separation. Structural and morphological characterizations substantiated the formation of few-layer NSs with reduced crystallinity and thickness. Wide band gaps (2.25/1.85 eV), PL trap states, and negative zeta potentials enable > 98% photocatalytic degradation of five cationic dyes (methylene blue, malachite green, brilliant green, crystal violet, acridine orange) and their mixtures within 14–28 min under UV-C which is 5–10 times faster than the reported bare transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) literature. Post-degradation analyses of dye mixture through morphological, elemental and chromatographic studies confirm structural integrity of the NSs and complete mineralization of dye molecules. Furthermore, a simple solvent extraction approach enabled efficient recovery and reuse of the catalyst for multiple cycles, with treated water meeting the criteria for agricultural reuse. This sustainable LPE approach delivers scalable, high-performance TMDC photocatalysts for textile wastewater remediation, combining superior kinetics, stability, and environmental safety.