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<p>Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are an environmentally friendly and economical technology typically employed for wastewater treatment. Why is this not regarded as a potential solution for addressing groundwater treatment issues?</p><p>A pilot plant, consisting of two vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCW) and a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) planted with cattails, was implemented to evaluate the performance of CWs in treating groundwater extracted from Agareb-Sfax, Tunisia. The paper offers a synthesis of results concerning the conditions of wetland components and assesses the system's effectiveness in the removal of various contaminants. The determination of the pilot plant characteristics, such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved Oxygen (DO), proves that they are favorable for the biological treatment of groundwater, the growth of macrophytes, and the development of the bacterial environment. CWs result in a good elimination of total suspended solids (TSS), organic matter (COD and BOD), and hardness (TH). A maximum removal efficiency of 34.8% for TSS, 20% for COD, 47% for <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({BOD}_{5}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and 23.4% for TH is obtained. The main removal efficiency was for TSS and BOD. Next, the paper sheds light on the most efficient basin in pollutant removal: remarkable removal efficiency for TSS (50%), COD (21%), <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({BOD}_{5}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (95.4%) and hardness (27.5%) was obtained by HSSFCW. Basin (3) even contributes to correcting the disturbance caused by basin (2). It was found out that TSS was mainly removed by VSSFCW through the filtration process, while OM was removed by HSSFCW through bacterial activity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Systems, An Eco-friendly Technology for Groundwater Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Amal Mahmoudi,
  • Mohammed Alkhazaali,
  • Chiraz Hannachi,
  • Bechir Hamrouni

摘要

Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are an environmentally friendly and economical technology typically employed for wastewater treatment. Why is this not regarded as a potential solution for addressing groundwater treatment issues?

A pilot plant, consisting of two vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCW) and a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) planted with cattails, was implemented to evaluate the performance of CWs in treating groundwater extracted from Agareb-Sfax, Tunisia. The paper offers a synthesis of results concerning the conditions of wetland components and assesses the system's effectiveness in the removal of various contaminants. The determination of the pilot plant characteristics, such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved Oxygen (DO), proves that they are favorable for the biological treatment of groundwater, the growth of macrophytes, and the development of the bacterial environment. CWs result in a good elimination of total suspended solids (TSS), organic matter (COD and BOD), and hardness (TH). A maximum removal efficiency of 34.8% for TSS, 20% for COD, 47% for \({BOD}_{5}\) and 23.4% for TH is obtained. The main removal efficiency was for TSS and BOD. Next, the paper sheds light on the most efficient basin in pollutant removal: remarkable removal efficiency for TSS (50%), COD (21%), \({BOD}_{5}\) (95.4%) and hardness (27.5%) was obtained by HSSFCW. Basin (3) even contributes to correcting the disturbance caused by basin (2). It was found out that TSS was mainly removed by VSSFCW through the filtration process, while OM was removed by HSSFCW through bacterial activity.

Graphical Abstract