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<p>The kinetics of direct conversion of methane to methanol over Zn-NH<sub>4</sub>Y catalysts was studied. Zn-NH<sub>4</sub>Y catalysts were synthesized at various Zn<sup>2+</sup> loadings, ranging between 2% − 10%. The synthesized Zn-NH<sub>4</sub>Y catalysts were characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with emission dispersive X-ray (EDX), and XRD techniques. The natural gas sample collected from the gas field was characterized using Gas chromatography (GC). The GC result showed that the natural gas used for the direct conversion to methanol had a methane content of 89.61&#xa0;mol% and was free of sulphur impurity. The EDX result showed that the optimum synthesized catalyst – Zn(2%)-NH<sub>4</sub>Y was acidic, having a Si/Al ratio of 3.6. The specific surface area of the catalyst was 284.286 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The pore volume and pore diameter were 0.248 cm<sup>3</sup>/g and 2.68&#xa0;nm, respectively. The catalyst had a fluffy morphology and an average particle size of 0.2 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\mu\:m\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Its XRD mineral phase composition showed 56.0% faujasite. The direct conversion reaction was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor system with partial-integral-differential (PID) controllers at 3&#xa0;bar and varying temperatures and times. The results of the kinetics of the direct conversion reaction were based on the analysis of the experimental data using a power law kinetic model. The optimum reaction conditions determined were a temperature of 250&#xa0;°C and a time of 15&#xa0;s. The optimum kinetic rate constant and rate order of the reaction were 7.22 × 10<sup>7</sup> <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\frac{kg\:cat}{mol.\:\:h}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and 2.3th, respectively. The activation energy of the reaction was 310.12&#xa0;kJ/mol. The optimum methane conversion and methanol selectivity achieved were 52.2% and 75.5%, respectively. A detailed economic study was not within the scope of this study; nonetheless, the high kinetic rate constant, moderate rate order, and high efficacy of the synthesized catalyst are promising findings alluding to the economic viability of the direct conversion process presented in this study.</p>

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Kinetics of Direct Partial Oxidation of Natural Gas Over Zn-NH4Y Catalyst for Methanol Production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • N. Salahudeen,
  • A. U. Moses,
  • A. Babalola,
  • E. O. Oboho

摘要

The kinetics of direct conversion of methane to methanol over Zn-NH4Y catalysts was studied. Zn-NH4Y catalysts were synthesized at various Zn2+ loadings, ranging between 2% − 10%. The synthesized Zn-NH4Y catalysts were characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with emission dispersive X-ray (EDX), and XRD techniques. The natural gas sample collected from the gas field was characterized using Gas chromatography (GC). The GC result showed that the natural gas used for the direct conversion to methanol had a methane content of 89.61 mol% and was free of sulphur impurity. The EDX result showed that the optimum synthesized catalyst – Zn(2%)-NH4Y was acidic, having a Si/Al ratio of 3.6. The specific surface area of the catalyst was 284.286 m2/g. The pore volume and pore diameter were 0.248 cm3/g and 2.68 nm, respectively. The catalyst had a fluffy morphology and an average particle size of 0.2 \(\:\mu\:m\) . Its XRD mineral phase composition showed 56.0% faujasite. The direct conversion reaction was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor system with partial-integral-differential (PID) controllers at 3 bar and varying temperatures and times. The results of the kinetics of the direct conversion reaction were based on the analysis of the experimental data using a power law kinetic model. The optimum reaction conditions determined were a temperature of 250 °C and a time of 15 s. The optimum kinetic rate constant and rate order of the reaction were 7.22 × 107 \(\:\frac{kg\:cat}{mol.\:\:h}\) and 2.3th, respectively. The activation energy of the reaction was 310.12 kJ/mol. The optimum methane conversion and methanol selectivity achieved were 52.2% and 75.5%, respectively. A detailed economic study was not within the scope of this study; nonetheless, the high kinetic rate constant, moderate rate order, and high efficacy of the synthesized catalyst are promising findings alluding to the economic viability of the direct conversion process presented in this study.