<p>Mitigating hexavalent chromium from wastewater is a great concern for scientists due to its adverse effects. Several techniques, such as membrane separation, precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and electrochemical treatment, are used to remove hexavalent chromium from tannery wastewater. Different conventional and non-conventional green materials, such as lignocellulose, fungi, algae, and bacteria-based materials, offer a way to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. Scientists and researchers are looking for emergent materials such as nanolignin to mitigate chromium from wastewater as a sustainable solution. This review highlights the different methods to produce nanolignin and its role in removing chromium from wastewater. The various modification and engineering of green nanomaterials enhance their physicochemical properties to achieve the goal of wastewater treatment. Different adsorption models and kinetics in the context of Cr (VI) and nanoliglin have been highlighted. Recommendations, challenges, and future perspectives of nanolignin for eliminating Cr (VI) have been discussed. Thus, the application of nanolignin has the potential for the remediation of Cr (VI) from wastewater as a sustainable environmental solution.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>