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<p>In this work, pure and nitrogen-doped TiO₂ (N-TiO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized, and their photocatalytic performance was evaluated following chlorophyll sensitization. Pure TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized using a biological method with lemon grass leaves extract, while the nitrogen-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles were sensitized by the chlorophyll pigment extracted from the fresh moringa leaves. The as-prepared and chlorophyll-sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques.By XRD analysis, it was observed that the pure N-TiO<sub>2</sub>, and chlorophyll sensitized pure and N-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles have anatase phase with high purity and crystallinity with crystallite sizes in the 6–10&#xa0;nm range. SEM investigations revealed that the non-sensitized and sensitized nanoparticles have spherical morphology. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed the presence of chlorophyll pigments on the surface of pure and N-TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysts after the sensitization process. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the energy of chlorophyll sensitized pure and N-TiO<sub>2</sub> was less compared to that of pure and N-TiO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. As a result, dye-sensitized samples’ band-gap energies showed a red shift toward longer wavelengths. These chlorophyll-sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles showed efficient photocatalytic performance towards degrading the methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic studies revealed that in the presence of pure TiO<sub>2</sub>, pure sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub>, N-TiO<sub>2</sub> and sensitized N-TiO<sub>2</sub>, the dye degraded by 83.15%, 89.84%, 86.68% and 90.14% respectively. This study synthesized pure and N-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles using lemongrass leaves extract and Urea gel, sensitized with Moringa Oleifera leaf chlorophyll pigment. Chlorophyll increased TiO<sub>2</sub>’s photocatalytic efficiency to the visible spectrum. The nanoparticles showed similar morphologies to pure TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. They were effective in breaking down Methylene blue dye solution, increasing its self-degradation in visible light. Sensitized N-TiO<sub>2</sub> degraded more MB than other TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs samples, making it a potential candidate for future green photocatalysts for environmental remediation.</p>

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Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using Chlorophyll-Sensitized Pure and Nitrogen-Doped TiO2

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Badar Ali,
  • Fauzia,
  • Saleh O. Allehabi,
  • Siraj Azam,
  • Ameer Azam,
  • Faheem Ahmed,
  • Tentu Nageswara Rao,
  • Parameswaram Ganj

摘要

In this work, pure and nitrogen-doped TiO₂ (N-TiO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized, and their photocatalytic performance was evaluated following chlorophyll sensitization. Pure TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using a biological method with lemon grass leaves extract, while the nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles were sensitized by the chlorophyll pigment extracted from the fresh moringa leaves. The as-prepared and chlorophyll-sensitized TiO2 NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques.By XRD analysis, it was observed that the pure N-TiO2, and chlorophyll sensitized pure and N-TiO2 nanoparticles have anatase phase with high purity and crystallinity with crystallite sizes in the 6–10 nm range. SEM investigations revealed that the non-sensitized and sensitized nanoparticles have spherical morphology. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed the presence of chlorophyll pigments on the surface of pure and N-TiO2 photocatalysts after the sensitization process. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the energy of chlorophyll sensitized pure and N-TiO2 was less compared to that of pure and N-TiO2, respectively. As a result, dye-sensitized samples’ band-gap energies showed a red shift toward longer wavelengths. These chlorophyll-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles showed efficient photocatalytic performance towards degrading the methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic studies revealed that in the presence of pure TiO2, pure sensitized TiO2, N-TiO2 and sensitized N-TiO2, the dye degraded by 83.15%, 89.84%, 86.68% and 90.14% respectively. This study synthesized pure and N-TiO2 nanoparticles using lemongrass leaves extract and Urea gel, sensitized with Moringa Oleifera leaf chlorophyll pigment. Chlorophyll increased TiO2’s photocatalytic efficiency to the visible spectrum. The nanoparticles showed similar morphologies to pure TiO2 NPs. They were effective in breaking down Methylene blue dye solution, increasing its self-degradation in visible light. Sensitized N-TiO2 degraded more MB than other TiO2 NPs samples, making it a potential candidate for future green photocatalysts for environmental remediation.