<p>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that can interfere with the hormonal signaling systems regulating growth, reproduction, metabolism, and neurodevelopment in humans and wildlife. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the environmental sources, exposure pathways, and toxicological mechanisms of prominent EDCs such as bisphenols, phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Relevant literature from peer-reviewed databases and global health reports was examined to evaluate occurrence patterns, health effects, and existing policy frameworks governing EDC management. Findings reveal that these substances are ubiquitous in soil, water, and food chains, exhibiting persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential for long-range environmental transport. Chronic exposure has been linked to reproductive abnormalities, thyroid dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and developmental neurotoxicity. Natural EDCs such as phytoestrogens were also recognized as biologically active agents capable of mimicking endogenous hormones. Although several nations and bodies have adopted regulatory measures to restrict EDC emissions and product use, inconsistencies in implementation and enforcement limit the global effectiveness of these measures. Given the complex behaviour and widespread distribution of these compounds, this review emphasizes the urgent need for integrated environmental monitoring, interdisciplinary research, and harmonized international guidelines. Ultimately, it aims to support the development of improved risk assessment frameworks and public health strategies to mitigate the impact of endocrine disruptors on environmental and human health.</p>