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<p>The exploration of innovative materials for environmental remediation is critical for addressing pollution and promoting sustainability. In particular, the development of cost-effective and efficient adsorbents is essential for mitigating the harmful effects of industrial pollutants on water resources. This study investigates the use of hydrochar (HC), synthesized from Izmit Gulf sludge, as an adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time on MB removal were systematically optimized using the SWM method. Optimal conditions, pH 8.5, HC dosage of 0.50&#xa0;g/L, and 60&#xa0;min contact time, resulted in a maximum removal efficiency of 99.04%. This high performance exceeds many previously reported sludge-derived adsorbents, demonstrating the high adsorption capacity and rapid kinetics of HC. The reusability of HC was also evaluated, confirming its potential for repeated use with minimal efficiency loss. Moreover, utilizing locally sourced sludge from the Izmit Gulf not only provides an abundant and low-cost raw material but also offers a sustainable solution for waste valorization. These findings underscore the potential of HC as a high-performance, environmentally friendly adsorbent for dye removal and broader water treatment applications.</p>

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Hydrochar Production from Izmit Gulf Sludge for Efficient Methylene Blue Removal: A Sustainable Water Treatment Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Erdal Yabalak,
  • Gokce Akyol,
  • Nihat Hakan Akyol,
  • Nadir Dizge

摘要

The exploration of innovative materials for environmental remediation is critical for addressing pollution and promoting sustainability. In particular, the development of cost-effective and efficient adsorbents is essential for mitigating the harmful effects of industrial pollutants on water resources. This study investigates the use of hydrochar (HC), synthesized from Izmit Gulf sludge, as an adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time on MB removal were systematically optimized using the SWM method. Optimal conditions, pH 8.5, HC dosage of 0.50 g/L, and 60 min contact time, resulted in a maximum removal efficiency of 99.04%. This high performance exceeds many previously reported sludge-derived adsorbents, demonstrating the high adsorption capacity and rapid kinetics of HC. The reusability of HC was also evaluated, confirming its potential for repeated use with minimal efficiency loss. Moreover, utilizing locally sourced sludge from the Izmit Gulf not only provides an abundant and low-cost raw material but also offers a sustainable solution for waste valorization. These findings underscore the potential of HC as a high-performance, environmentally friendly adsorbent for dye removal and broader water treatment applications.