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<p>In this study, a hydrothermal technique was employed to synthesize a Bi₂O₃/ZnO heterostructure nanocomposite. The structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties of the synthesized photocatalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) The crystallite size of the Bi₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite, calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula from XRD data, was approximately 12&#xa0;nm. The band gap was estimated to be 2.78&#xa0;eV using UV–Vis spectroscopy. FESEM images revealed that the ZnO nanoparticles modified the surface morphology of Bi₂O₃ microrods. These findings were validated through photocatalytic degradation experiments involving Malachite Green (MG) and Acid Blue 113 (AB113) dyes under UV irradiation. The Bi₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable degradation efficiencies of 95% for MG in 180&#xa0;min and 92% for AB113 in 240&#xa0;min. The photocatalytic studies were optimized with respect to solution pH (7 &amp; 9), catalyst dosage (9&#xa0;mg), dye concentration (10 ppm), and electrolytes (Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃). Stability was confirmed through reusability tests over three cycles, showing consistent performance. A mechanistic pathway for dye degradation under UV irradiation was also proposed. The composite was further evaluated for simulated wastewater treatment applications, demonstrating significant potential for sustainable dye remediation.</p>

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Synthesis Of Novel Bi2O3/ZnO Nanocomposite By Hydrothermal Method: A Sustainable Solution for Photocatalytic Malachite Green and Acid Blue 113 Dye Degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • G. Raja,
  • A. Elumalai,
  • P. Uma,
  • V. Selvarani,
  • K. Sudhakar

摘要

In this study, a hydrothermal technique was employed to synthesize a Bi₂O₃/ZnO heterostructure nanocomposite. The structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties of the synthesized photocatalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) The crystallite size of the Bi₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite, calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula from XRD data, was approximately 12 nm. The band gap was estimated to be 2.78 eV using UV–Vis spectroscopy. FESEM images revealed that the ZnO nanoparticles modified the surface morphology of Bi₂O₃ microrods. These findings were validated through photocatalytic degradation experiments involving Malachite Green (MG) and Acid Blue 113 (AB113) dyes under UV irradiation. The Bi₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable degradation efficiencies of 95% for MG in 180 min and 92% for AB113 in 240 min. The photocatalytic studies were optimized with respect to solution pH (7 & 9), catalyst dosage (9 mg), dye concentration (10 ppm), and electrolytes (Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃). Stability was confirmed through reusability tests over three cycles, showing consistent performance. A mechanistic pathway for dye degradation under UV irradiation was also proposed. The composite was further evaluated for simulated wastewater treatment applications, demonstrating significant potential for sustainable dye remediation.