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<p>The contamination of water bodies by lead ions, Pb(II), poses serious environmental and public health challenges due to their toxicity and persistence. Concurrently, the sugar industry generates large volumes of waste, especially bagasse ash, which poses significant disposal challenges. This study addresses both issues by utilizing bagasse ash to obtain value-added adsorbents: mesoporous silica (MSMCM-41), aminopropyl-functionalized mesoporous silica (AMI@MS), and ethylenediamine-functionalized mesoporous silica (EDA@MS), for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized with cutting-edge analytical tools to derive the structural features and verify subsequent modification. Systematic batch adsorption experiments were conducted, and the resultant data were examined by modelling isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics to ascertain the adsorption process’s underlying mechanisms and efficiency. The Langmuir isotherm model best fits the equilibrium data (R² &gt;0.99), with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 36.69&#xa0;mg/g for MSMCM-41, 84.10&#xa0;mg/g for AMI@MS, and 113.76&#xa0;mg/g for EDA@MS. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous and endothermic physisorption process, with Gibbs free energy changes ranging from − 1.898 to − 7.291&#xa0;kJ/mol, entropy change values from 11.4 to 39.7&#xa0;J/mol·K, and enthalpy changes below 20&#xa0;kJ/mol. The sorption process follows the pseudo-second-order model (R² &gt;0.99), while diffusion analysis confirmed the involvement of both external film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. Notably, regeneration studies demonstrated good recyclability and can be used up to 5 cycles. These findings indicate that tailored surface chemistry enhances adsorption capacity, particularly for AMI@MS and EDA@MS, which offer a sustainable solution for Pb(II) removal, with potential applications in wastewater treatment.</p>

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Remediation Pb(II) Ions from Wastewater with Sugar Industry Waste Derived Functionalized Mesoporous Silica: Isothermal, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Alpeshkumar V. Patel,
  • Olutayo A. Oluyinka,
  • Shweta S. Sahani

摘要

The contamination of water bodies by lead ions, Pb(II), poses serious environmental and public health challenges due to their toxicity and persistence. Concurrently, the sugar industry generates large volumes of waste, especially bagasse ash, which poses significant disposal challenges. This study addresses both issues by utilizing bagasse ash to obtain value-added adsorbents: mesoporous silica (MSMCM-41), aminopropyl-functionalized mesoporous silica (AMI@MS), and ethylenediamine-functionalized mesoporous silica (EDA@MS), for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized with cutting-edge analytical tools to derive the structural features and verify subsequent modification. Systematic batch adsorption experiments were conducted, and the resultant data were examined by modelling isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics to ascertain the adsorption process’s underlying mechanisms and efficiency. The Langmuir isotherm model best fits the equilibrium data (R² >0.99), with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 36.69 mg/g for MSMCM-41, 84.10 mg/g for AMI@MS, and 113.76 mg/g for EDA@MS. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous and endothermic physisorption process, with Gibbs free energy changes ranging from − 1.898 to − 7.291 kJ/mol, entropy change values from 11.4 to 39.7 J/mol·K, and enthalpy changes below 20 kJ/mol. The sorption process follows the pseudo-second-order model (R² >0.99), while diffusion analysis confirmed the involvement of both external film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. Notably, regeneration studies demonstrated good recyclability and can be used up to 5 cycles. These findings indicate that tailored surface chemistry enhances adsorption capacity, particularly for AMI@MS and EDA@MS, which offer a sustainable solution for Pb(II) removal, with potential applications in wastewater treatment.