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<p><i>Opuntia</i> species, also known as prickly pears, are members of the <i>Cactaceae</i> family and are mostly distributed in the Americas, the Mediterranean regions, and South Africa. The largest number of wild species is found in Mexico<i>.</i> They are distinguished by their typical succulent skeleton and their Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway, with significant water retention making them highly adaptable to desert environments. <i>Opuntia</i> species are fruit crops of great economic importance, destined for human nutrition, therapeutic and cosmetic purposes, and as fodder for animals. Unfortunately, under the fire of the wild-scale insect <i>Dactylopius opuntiae</i> (Cockerell) (<i>Hemiptera</i>: <i>Dactylopiidae</i>), <i>Opuntia</i> cultivation has been pushed to a critically endangered state, presenting a significant challenge for all nations affected by this issue. Despite the existence of different methods of insect control, including biological and chemical, they are still insufficient. To alleviate this problem, plant breeding programs for <i>Opuntia</i> spp. have been undertaken in many countries, particularly in Morocco and Brazil, and have become a necessary tool to obtain new genotypes with higher potential to resist biotic and abiotic aggressions. This paper aims to offer a thorough perspective on <i>Opuntia</i> spp., covering diverse aspects such as anatomical properties, nutritional content, and scientific progress in addressing the challenge posed by <i>D. opuntiae</i>.</p>

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Phytochemical Profile of Opuntia spp. (Cactaceae) and Protection Strategies against Dactylopius opuntiae in Morocco and Worldwide: A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Hajar Bencheikh,
  • Mohamed El Aalaoui,
  • Mohamed Sbaghi,
  • Abdelaziz Yasri,
  • Mohamed Dakir,
  • Aziz Aboulmouhajir

摘要

Opuntia species, also known as prickly pears, are members of the Cactaceae family and are mostly distributed in the Americas, the Mediterranean regions, and South Africa. The largest number of wild species is found in Mexico. They are distinguished by their typical succulent skeleton and their Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway, with significant water retention making them highly adaptable to desert environments. Opuntia species are fruit crops of great economic importance, destined for human nutrition, therapeutic and cosmetic purposes, and as fodder for animals. Unfortunately, under the fire of the wild-scale insect Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), Opuntia cultivation has been pushed to a critically endangered state, presenting a significant challenge for all nations affected by this issue. Despite the existence of different methods of insect control, including biological and chemical, they are still insufficient. To alleviate this problem, plant breeding programs for Opuntia spp. have been undertaken in many countries, particularly in Morocco and Brazil, and have become a necessary tool to obtain new genotypes with higher potential to resist biotic and abiotic aggressions. This paper aims to offer a thorough perspective on Opuntia spp., covering diverse aspects such as anatomical properties, nutritional content, and scientific progress in addressing the challenge posed by D. opuntiae.