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<p>In this study, an environmentally friendly, atom-economical, and green method for imine formation via in situ oxidation of benzyl alcohols and subsequent condensation of the resulting carbonyl product with amine was reported using SiO₂/MnO₂ under solvent-free milling conditions. Silica gel not only acts as a substrate for immobilizing manganese dioxide but also acts as a dehydrating agent to accelerate the condensation step and imine formation. This method was evaluated using various substituted benzylic alcohols and primary amines, which showed good substrate scope and high chemoselectivity. Compared with conventional methods, this approach not only reduces the reaction time but also minimizes chemical waste, leading to a more sustainable and practical synthesis route. In addition, the elimination of undesirable by-products and the ease of isolation of the final product were also notable features of this method, making the overall process more efficient and environmentally benign. Furthermore, the use of SiO₂/MnO₂ as an effective solid heterogenous system under mild conditions highlights the advantage of avoiding harsh reaction environments and toxic reagents, thereby contributing to the principles of green chemistry. This work provides an important step in the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable methods for the synthesis of valuable organic compounds.</p>

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Solvent-Free Tandem in Situ Oxidation-Imine Formation of Benzyl Alcohols and Amines Using SiO2/MnO2

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Kazem Nourbakhsh,
  • Alireza Kiasat

摘要

In this study, an environmentally friendly, atom-economical, and green method for imine formation via in situ oxidation of benzyl alcohols and subsequent condensation of the resulting carbonyl product with amine was reported using SiO₂/MnO₂ under solvent-free milling conditions. Silica gel not only acts as a substrate for immobilizing manganese dioxide but also acts as a dehydrating agent to accelerate the condensation step and imine formation. This method was evaluated using various substituted benzylic alcohols and primary amines, which showed good substrate scope and high chemoselectivity. Compared with conventional methods, this approach not only reduces the reaction time but also minimizes chemical waste, leading to a more sustainable and practical synthesis route. In addition, the elimination of undesirable by-products and the ease of isolation of the final product were also notable features of this method, making the overall process more efficient and environmentally benign. Furthermore, the use of SiO₂/MnO₂ as an effective solid heterogenous system under mild conditions highlights the advantage of avoiding harsh reaction environments and toxic reagents, thereby contributing to the principles of green chemistry. This work provides an important step in the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable methods for the synthesis of valuable organic compounds.