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<p>In the present manuscript, an environment-friendly and novel green catalyst is prepared using citrus reticulate powder and copper oxide (CuO) with a significant, quick, and innovative methodology. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterise and study the surface morphology of the synthesised nanocomposite. The synthesised CuO-Kinnow peel nanocomposite is evaluated for its catalytic activity using the probe nitro-aromatic compounds (4-nitroaniline, picric acid, p-nitrophenol, and nitrobenzene) and N-formylation reactions. The reactions were also performed in the photocatalytic conditions to observe the difference in the reaction time and comparative study. The analysis of the data for both reactions (reduction and N-formylation reactions) is done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Full Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Post Hoc Test, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) techniques are used to find the best set of combinations of the amount of sodium borohydride and the amount of catalyst needed to reduce the nitro compounds. The analysis is also used to find out the best solvent system that provides maximum yield in minimal time for N-formylation reactions.</p>

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Green Fabrication of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Fruit Peel for Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds and N-Formylation Reactions Using Statistical Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Gayatri Pandey,
  • Nandinee Rathore,
  • Saroj Rao,
  • Jagdish Prasad,
  • Nitesh Singh Rajput,
  • Yudhveer Singh,
  • Sonia Chahar Srivastava,
  • Narendra Pal Lamba,
  • Manmohan Singh Chauhan

摘要

In the present manuscript, an environment-friendly and novel green catalyst is prepared using citrus reticulate powder and copper oxide (CuO) with a significant, quick, and innovative methodology. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterise and study the surface morphology of the synthesised nanocomposite. The synthesised CuO-Kinnow peel nanocomposite is evaluated for its catalytic activity using the probe nitro-aromatic compounds (4-nitroaniline, picric acid, p-nitrophenol, and nitrobenzene) and N-formylation reactions. The reactions were also performed in the photocatalytic conditions to observe the difference in the reaction time and comparative study. The analysis of the data for both reactions (reduction and N-formylation reactions) is done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Full Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Post Hoc Test, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) techniques are used to find the best set of combinations of the amount of sodium borohydride and the amount of catalyst needed to reduce the nitro compounds. The analysis is also used to find out the best solvent system that provides maximum yield in minimal time for N-formylation reactions.