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<p>Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries contain not only base metals such as nickel but also rare earth elements (REEs), including cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), and neodymium (Nd). With the rising demand for rare earth elements driven by the growth of green technologies and the depletion of primary sources, recycling the secondary sources like NiMH batteries has become essential to ensure a reliable supply. This study investigates the kinetics and mechanisms of leaching of NiMH batteries to recover REEs. Leaching experiments were performed using 3&#xa0;M H₂SO₄ at temperatures of 65&#xa0;°C, 75&#xa0;°C, 85&#xa0;°C, and 95&#xa0;°C, with a leaching duration of 120&#xa0;min and a pulp density of 20%. Samples were collected at 30-minute intervals for all temperatures, and at 5, 10, and 20&#xa0;min specifically for 65&#xa0;°C and 85&#xa0;°C to achieve a more accurate evaluation of the kinetics of REE extraction. The calculated recoveries showed a direct correlation with temperature, highlighting its significant role in the leaching process. The activation energies for Ce, La, and Nd were determined using models based on diffusion control and chemical control processes. These values provided insights into the leaching mechanisms of these elements. Specifically, The activation energy for Ce, La, and Nd indicated a intermediate control mechanism. Additionally, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FeSEM) analysis and comparison of samples before and after leaching confirmed the applicability of the shrinking core model.</p>

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Kinetic Investigation of La, Ce, and Nd Elements Leaching from Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Amir Mohammad Bidmeshki,
  • Mahmoud Abdollahy

摘要

Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries contain not only base metals such as nickel but also rare earth elements (REEs), including cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), and neodymium (Nd). With the rising demand for rare earth elements driven by the growth of green technologies and the depletion of primary sources, recycling the secondary sources like NiMH batteries has become essential to ensure a reliable supply. This study investigates the kinetics and mechanisms of leaching of NiMH batteries to recover REEs. Leaching experiments were performed using 3 M H₂SO₄ at temperatures of 65 °C, 75 °C, 85 °C, and 95 °C, with a leaching duration of 120 min and a pulp density of 20%. Samples were collected at 30-minute intervals for all temperatures, and at 5, 10, and 20 min specifically for 65 °C and 85 °C to achieve a more accurate evaluation of the kinetics of REE extraction. The calculated recoveries showed a direct correlation with temperature, highlighting its significant role in the leaching process. The activation energies for Ce, La, and Nd were determined using models based on diffusion control and chemical control processes. These values provided insights into the leaching mechanisms of these elements. Specifically, The activation energy for Ce, La, and Nd indicated a intermediate control mechanism. Additionally, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FeSEM) analysis and comparison of samples before and after leaching confirmed the applicability of the shrinking core model.