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<p>This investigation conducts an experimental analysis of the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from chicken skin waste (CSW) when combined with hydrogen fumigation in a diesel engine. The CSW, procured from local poultry suppliers, underwent rendering to extract oil, achieving a yield of approximately 35%, which was subsequently subjected to transesterification employing methanol at a molar ratio of 6:1 and a NaOH catalyst at a concentration of 1 wt% at a temperature of 60&#xa0;°C for 90&#xa0;min. The biodiesel produced conformed to ASTM D6751 standards, demonstrating a density of 0.873&#xa0;g/cm³, a kinematic viscosity of 4.7 cSt at 40&#xa0;°C, a cetane number of 56, and a flash point of 162&#xa0;°C. Two blends, B20 and B40, were formulated and evaluated in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine under full load conditions at an operational speed of 1500&#xa0;rpm. Hydrogen was administered at controlled flow rates of 2&#xa0;L/min and 4&#xa0;L/min into the intake manifold to facilitate dual-fuel operation. Performance metrics indicated that the B20 + H₂ (4&#xa0;L/min) configuration attained the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 32.1%, in contrast to 30.4% for conventional diesel. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) exhibited a reduction to 0.27&#xa0;kg/kWh compared to 0.30&#xa0;kg/kWh for diesel, signifying enhanced combustion efficiency. Emission analysis revealed substantial reductions: carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased by 50% (from 420 ppm to 210 ppm), hydrocarbon (HC) emissions diminished by 43% (from 58 ppm to 33 ppm), and smoke opacity reduced by 47% (from 34 to 18%). Nevertheless, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions experienced an increase of 17.3%, rising from 980 ppm to 1150 ppm, attributable to elevated in-cylinder temperatures associated with hydrogen combustion. These findings elucidate that the amalgamation of CSB with hydrogen fumigation presents a promising dual-fuel strategy, enhancing engine efficiency while markedly decreasing carbon-based emissions. This methodology offers a sustainable and economically viable solution, particularly advantageous for decentralized and rural energy applications where poultry waste is in surplus.</p>

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Hydrogen-Enriched Combustion of Chicken Skin Waste Biodiesel in Diesel Engines: Performance and Emission Characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • N. Mohanrajhu,
  • S. Sekar

摘要

This investigation conducts an experimental analysis of the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from chicken skin waste (CSW) when combined with hydrogen fumigation in a diesel engine. The CSW, procured from local poultry suppliers, underwent rendering to extract oil, achieving a yield of approximately 35%, which was subsequently subjected to transesterification employing methanol at a molar ratio of 6:1 and a NaOH catalyst at a concentration of 1 wt% at a temperature of 60 °C for 90 min. The biodiesel produced conformed to ASTM D6751 standards, demonstrating a density of 0.873 g/cm³, a kinematic viscosity of 4.7 cSt at 40 °C, a cetane number of 56, and a flash point of 162 °C. Two blends, B20 and B40, were formulated and evaluated in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine under full load conditions at an operational speed of 1500 rpm. Hydrogen was administered at controlled flow rates of 2 L/min and 4 L/min into the intake manifold to facilitate dual-fuel operation. Performance metrics indicated that the B20 + H₂ (4 L/min) configuration attained the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 32.1%, in contrast to 30.4% for conventional diesel. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) exhibited a reduction to 0.27 kg/kWh compared to 0.30 kg/kWh for diesel, signifying enhanced combustion efficiency. Emission analysis revealed substantial reductions: carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased by 50% (from 420 ppm to 210 ppm), hydrocarbon (HC) emissions diminished by 43% (from 58 ppm to 33 ppm), and smoke opacity reduced by 47% (from 34 to 18%). Nevertheless, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions experienced an increase of 17.3%, rising from 980 ppm to 1150 ppm, attributable to elevated in-cylinder temperatures associated with hydrogen combustion. These findings elucidate that the amalgamation of CSB with hydrogen fumigation presents a promising dual-fuel strategy, enhancing engine efficiency while markedly decreasing carbon-based emissions. This methodology offers a sustainable and economically viable solution, particularly advantageous for decentralized and rural energy applications where poultry waste is in surplus.