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Purpose <p>The ongoing rise of drug-resistant bacteria has prompted an urgent need for effective antibacterial agents. This study investigates the structural characteristics and antimicrobial properties of barium oxide-doped copper oxide (BaO@CuO) nanocomposites, focusing on their potential to address this critical issue.</p> Methods <p>The BaO@CuO nanocomposites were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and thoroughly characterized using energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and EDAX analysis. Using the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial properties of the prepared BaO-doped CuO were evaluated. The resulting nanoparticles' size, structural integrity, and composition were assessed to determine the effects of BaO doping on CuO.</p> Results <p>The BaO@CuO nanocomposites demonstrated an average size of 44&#xa0;nm and a monoclinic structure consistent with CuO. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli,</i> and the fungi <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Candida albicans.</i> The nanocomposites exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal properties, with enhanced efficacy at 100&#xa0;μg/ml. The results suggest that BaO enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, adjusts surface charge, and creates oxygen vacancies, improving microbial membrane disruption.</p> Conclusion <p>The study highlights the successful integration of BaO into the CuO matrix, demonstrating enhanced antimicrobial properties. The BaO@CuO nanocomposites show promise as effective agents against both bacterial and fungal pathogens. These findings provide a foundation for the development of advanced antimicrobial nanomaterials with potential applications in various fields.</p>

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Structural Variability and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Barium Oxide-Doped Copper Oxide (BaO@CuO) Nanocomposites Via Co-Precipitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月9日

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  • K. Nagaraj,
  • K. Raja,
  • Fatimah O. Al-Otibi,
  • T. Kasilingam,
  • V. Poovan,
  • T. Kumaravel,
  • G. Velmurugan,
  • F. Shah

摘要

Purpose

The ongoing rise of drug-resistant bacteria has prompted an urgent need for effective antibacterial agents. This study investigates the structural characteristics and antimicrobial properties of barium oxide-doped copper oxide (BaO@CuO) nanocomposites, focusing on their potential to address this critical issue.

Methods

The BaO@CuO nanocomposites were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and thoroughly characterized using energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and EDAX analysis. Using the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial properties of the prepared BaO-doped CuO were evaluated. The resulting nanoparticles' size, structural integrity, and composition were assessed to determine the effects of BaO doping on CuO.

Results

The BaO@CuO nanocomposites demonstrated an average size of 44 nm and a monoclinic structure consistent with CuO. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and the fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The nanocomposites exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal properties, with enhanced efficacy at 100 μg/ml. The results suggest that BaO enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, adjusts surface charge, and creates oxygen vacancies, improving microbial membrane disruption.

Conclusion

The study highlights the successful integration of BaO into the CuO matrix, demonstrating enhanced antimicrobial properties. The BaO@CuO nanocomposites show promise as effective agents against both bacterial and fungal pathogens. These findings provide a foundation for the development of advanced antimicrobial nanomaterials with potential applications in various fields.