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<p>Hydrogel composites are an advanced class of polymer materials that integrate the water-absorbing capabilities of hydrogels with improved physicochemical properties, achieved by incorporating small amounts of reinforcing agents, such as nanoparticles. In this study, the polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) and itaconic acid (IA) with the biopolymer Kappa Carrageenan (kC) and porous SWCNT–COOH nanoparticles a novel hydrogel composite was synthesized by polymerizing the free radical copolymerization mechanism. The nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TGA to evaluate its adsorbent surface, structural modifications, and adsorption interactions. The composite demonstrated a point of zero charge (pHpzc) of 3.7 and a swelling capacity of up to 10,000% in neutral media. Factors affecting the adsorption of Safranin O dye, such as SWCNT–COOH quantity, adsorbent amount, pH, temperature, and equilibrium time, were systematically examined at an initial dye concentration of 400&#xa0;mg/L and a range of 100–800&#xa0;mg/L. Maximum removal efficiency of 99% was achieved at 15&#xa0;°C, pH 10, 0.05&#xa0;g of adsorbent, and 120&#xa0;min of equilibrium time. Increased ionic strength reduced the adsorption capacity. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while the Freundlich isotherm best described the adsorption process.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effective Removal of Safranin O dye from the Aqueous Solution Using a Novel Hydrogel Composite Kappa-Carrageenan-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid)/SWCNT–COOH

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月22日

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  • Namer A. Hussain,
  • Layth S. Jasim

摘要

Hydrogel composites are an advanced class of polymer materials that integrate the water-absorbing capabilities of hydrogels with improved physicochemical properties, achieved by incorporating small amounts of reinforcing agents, such as nanoparticles. In this study, the polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) and itaconic acid (IA) with the biopolymer Kappa Carrageenan (kC) and porous SWCNT–COOH nanoparticles a novel hydrogel composite was synthesized by polymerizing the free radical copolymerization mechanism. The nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TGA to evaluate its adsorbent surface, structural modifications, and adsorption interactions. The composite demonstrated a point of zero charge (pHpzc) of 3.7 and a swelling capacity of up to 10,000% in neutral media. Factors affecting the adsorption of Safranin O dye, such as SWCNT–COOH quantity, adsorbent amount, pH, temperature, and equilibrium time, were systematically examined at an initial dye concentration of 400 mg/L and a range of 100–800 mg/L. Maximum removal efficiency of 99% was achieved at 15 °C, pH 10, 0.05 g of adsorbent, and 120 min of equilibrium time. Increased ionic strength reduced the adsorption capacity. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while the Freundlich isotherm best described the adsorption process.

Graphical Abstract