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<p>Bioactive calcium phosphate-containing scaffolds are being intensively investigated for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells. We reported a novel approach for efficient functionalization of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) via its coupling to <i>O</i>-phosphorylethanolamine using 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole as an activating and coupling agent. The characteristic structure features of phosphorylated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (CNF-Phosphate) were studied by FTIR, TGA, and SEM. TEM analysis revealed a uniform nanorod-like structure for CNF-Phosphate with fiber diameter ranging from 4 to 20&#xa0;nm preserving the fibrous feature after coupling with <i>O</i>-Phosphorylethanolamine. After calcium phosphate mineralization, the deposited calcium phosphate (CaP) affects the fiber diameter and density. The in vitro cell viability and calcium phosphate mineralization were studied using osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2 cells). CNF-Phosphate/CaP samples supported the growth and proliferation of SaOS-2. This study reveals the potential of CNF-Phosphate in the development of osteoinductive materials for better bone tissue regeneration.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of Sugarcane Bagasse into Cellulose Nanofiber Containing Phosphate Groups: A New Scaffold for in Vitro Calcium Phosphate Mineralization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月26日

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  • Naglaa Salem El-Sayed,
  • Emad Tolba,
  • Ahmed Salama

摘要

Bioactive calcium phosphate-containing scaffolds are being intensively investigated for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells. We reported a novel approach for efficient functionalization of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) via its coupling to O-phosphorylethanolamine using 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole as an activating and coupling agent. The characteristic structure features of phosphorylated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (CNF-Phosphate) were studied by FTIR, TGA, and SEM. TEM analysis revealed a uniform nanorod-like structure for CNF-Phosphate with fiber diameter ranging from 4 to 20 nm preserving the fibrous feature after coupling with O-Phosphorylethanolamine. After calcium phosphate mineralization, the deposited calcium phosphate (CaP) affects the fiber diameter and density. The in vitro cell viability and calcium phosphate mineralization were studied using osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2 cells). CNF-Phosphate/CaP samples supported the growth and proliferation of SaOS-2. This study reveals the potential of CNF-Phosphate in the development of osteoinductive materials for better bone tissue regeneration.

Graphical Abstract