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<p>This paper is a bio-inspired innovation that focuses on the development of flame resistant material based on green waste, a powder of <i>Eobania vermiculata</i> snail shells. The raw material undergoes several physicochemical analyses. The microscopic observation of the <i>Eobania vermiculata</i> shells powder (EVSP) shows a spherical shape with a sharp end and particle diameters varying between 3.93&#xa0;μm and 65.94&#xa0;μm. The FTIR analysis shows characteristic peaks of calcium carbonate. XRF spectroscopy confirms the chemical composition of EVSP that is mainly composed by carbonate calcium. Thermal analysis shows organic matter degradation at 366.5&#xa0;°C and carbonate degradation at 842.64&#xa0;°C, and allows determination of mass losses in each degradation material step. The application method of EVSP for a cotton weave fabric has been the dip and nip process. Several parameters were studied by evaluating the particle content (0%, 0.6% and 1.2%), the number of impregnation and squeezing (simple and double impregnation), the bath temperature (20&#xa0;°C and 30&#xa0;°C) and the squeezing rate (50% and 100%) on the treatment effectiveness by measuring the speed of propagation of the flame. In addition, the applied treatment durability was assessed by its wash fastness. The study shows that a 0.6% particle content presents a greater fire retardant effect, 0.29&#xa0;mm/s, with a wash fastness stability (1.11&#xa0;mm/s for a 60&#xa0;min washing cycle). Moreover, double impregnation and a squeezing process improve treatment fastness in washing up to 40&#xa0;min. A 100% squeezing rate showed greater strength than a 50% dewatering rate. To ensure durability, treating the fabric at a bath temperature of 30&#xa0;°C was proved, even after washing for 60&#xa0;min at 40&#xa0;°C (0.49&#xa0;mm/s).</p>

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Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Based on Eobania vermiculata Snail Shells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月5日

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  • Kadija Haddaji,
  • Rim cheriaa,
  • Boubaker Jaouachi

摘要

This paper is a bio-inspired innovation that focuses on the development of flame resistant material based on green waste, a powder of Eobania vermiculata snail shells. The raw material undergoes several physicochemical analyses. The microscopic observation of the Eobania vermiculata shells powder (EVSP) shows a spherical shape with a sharp end and particle diameters varying between 3.93 μm and 65.94 μm. The FTIR analysis shows characteristic peaks of calcium carbonate. XRF spectroscopy confirms the chemical composition of EVSP that is mainly composed by carbonate calcium. Thermal analysis shows organic matter degradation at 366.5 °C and carbonate degradation at 842.64 °C, and allows determination of mass losses in each degradation material step. The application method of EVSP for a cotton weave fabric has been the dip and nip process. Several parameters were studied by evaluating the particle content (0%, 0.6% and 1.2%), the number of impregnation and squeezing (simple and double impregnation), the bath temperature (20 °C and 30 °C) and the squeezing rate (50% and 100%) on the treatment effectiveness by measuring the speed of propagation of the flame. In addition, the applied treatment durability was assessed by its wash fastness. The study shows that a 0.6% particle content presents a greater fire retardant effect, 0.29 mm/s, with a wash fastness stability (1.11 mm/s for a 60 min washing cycle). Moreover, double impregnation and a squeezing process improve treatment fastness in washing up to 40 min. A 100% squeezing rate showed greater strength than a 50% dewatering rate. To ensure durability, treating the fabric at a bath temperature of 30 °C was proved, even after washing for 60 min at 40 °C (0.49 mm/s).