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<p>Periodontal diseases (PDs) impact nearly 90% of the worldwide population, and the efficacy of conventional therapies is increasingly compromised by antibiotic resistance and side effects. Phototherapy—particularly photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT)—presents a promising alternative due to its non-invasive, targeted, and regenerative potential. The efficacy of this approach is significantly enhanced by nanoparticles (NPs), which improve precision, safety, and therapeutic outcomes. Various NPs, including carbon-based materials, polymeric NPs, metal NPs (M-NPs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and nanozymes, exhibit strong photothermal properties ideal for combating periodontal infections. Among these, M-NPs show exceptional promise for PTT in the treatment of periodontitis. This review examines the various categories of NPs employed in phototherapy and their applications in managing periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and related infectious diseases, highlighting an innovative approach to overcoming the limitations of traditional treatments.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Nanoparticle-based phototherapy for periodontal infections: overcoming clinical challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Radhwan Abdul Kareem,
  • Hayder Naji Sameer,
  • Ahmed Yaseen,
  • Zainab H. Athab,
  • Mohaned Adil,
  • Hanan Hassan Ahmed

摘要

Periodontal diseases (PDs) impact nearly 90% of the worldwide population, and the efficacy of conventional therapies is increasingly compromised by antibiotic resistance and side effects. Phototherapy—particularly photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT)—presents a promising alternative due to its non-invasive, targeted, and regenerative potential. The efficacy of this approach is significantly enhanced by nanoparticles (NPs), which improve precision, safety, and therapeutic outcomes. Various NPs, including carbon-based materials, polymeric NPs, metal NPs (M-NPs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and nanozymes, exhibit strong photothermal properties ideal for combating periodontal infections. Among these, M-NPs show exceptional promise for PTT in the treatment of periodontitis. This review examines the various categories of NPs employed in phototherapy and their applications in managing periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and related infectious diseases, highlighting an innovative approach to overcoming the limitations of traditional treatments.

Graphical abstract