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<p>Hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic networks that exhibit excellent structural integrity and water-holding capacity. Hydrogels mimic the extracellular matrix and show sustained drug release, promoting cell proliferation and adhesion during wound healing. The development of naturally crosslinked and biocompatible hydrogels for biomedical applications has become significant in recent years. In this study, a novel polymeric hydrogel was synthesized by oxidizing sodium alginate, to form a novel bio-crosslinker containing aldehyde groups, that can crosslink with silk fibroin, via Schiff base reaction, forming stable oxidized sodium alginate - silk fibroin (OSA-SF) hydrogel. FTIR analysis confirmed imine bond formation and SEM analysis demonstrated a good porous structure. Physical and in vitro characterization of crosslinked OSA-SF hydrogels showed that OSA-SF 3 hydrogel, with 7% (w/v) OSA and 5% (w/v) silk fibroin, exhibited efficient swelling, increased porosity, enhanced crosslinking index and increased biocompatibility of 20%, 5.3%, 89.24%, and 95%, respectively. Indomethacin (IDM) was encapsulated within the OSA-SF 3 hydrogel and conjugated with cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide which is crucial for targeted integrin receptor binding on cells to enhance the anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Three formulations-IDM-cRGD 1 (1&#xa0;mg/ml), IDM-cRGD 2 (2&#xa0;mg/ml), and IDM-cRGD 3 (3&#xa0;mg/ml)-were prepared and characterized. The indomethacin loaded hydrogels were observed as amorphous through X-ray diffraction studies, and the FTIR analysis depicted the presence of key functional groups of IDM-cRGD hydrogel at 1521–1527&#xa0;cm <sup>−1</sup> and 1232–1235&#xa0;cm <sup>−1</sup> respectively. The drug-loaded hydrogels showed 87% encapsulation efficiency. In vitro assessment using L929 fibroblast cells treated with drug loaded hydrogels exhibited over 95% cell viability. These results highlight the multifunctional potential of the IDM loaded hydrogel conjugated with cRGD for targeted wound healing applications.</p>

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Fabrication and characterization of polymeric hydrogel with cyclic peptides as efficient drug conjugates for wound healing applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Nithesh Jerome,
  • Dharshini Vijayakumar,
  • Shruthi Uthanda Ramakrishnan,
  • Sangeetha Jeyaraman,
  • Janet Bertilla X,
  • Rupachandra Saravanakumar

摘要

Hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic networks that exhibit excellent structural integrity and water-holding capacity. Hydrogels mimic the extracellular matrix and show sustained drug release, promoting cell proliferation and adhesion during wound healing. The development of naturally crosslinked and biocompatible hydrogels for biomedical applications has become significant in recent years. In this study, a novel polymeric hydrogel was synthesized by oxidizing sodium alginate, to form a novel bio-crosslinker containing aldehyde groups, that can crosslink with silk fibroin, via Schiff base reaction, forming stable oxidized sodium alginate - silk fibroin (OSA-SF) hydrogel. FTIR analysis confirmed imine bond formation and SEM analysis demonstrated a good porous structure. Physical and in vitro characterization of crosslinked OSA-SF hydrogels showed that OSA-SF 3 hydrogel, with 7% (w/v) OSA and 5% (w/v) silk fibroin, exhibited efficient swelling, increased porosity, enhanced crosslinking index and increased biocompatibility of 20%, 5.3%, 89.24%, and 95%, respectively. Indomethacin (IDM) was encapsulated within the OSA-SF 3 hydrogel and conjugated with cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide which is crucial for targeted integrin receptor binding on cells to enhance the anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Three formulations-IDM-cRGD 1 (1 mg/ml), IDM-cRGD 2 (2 mg/ml), and IDM-cRGD 3 (3 mg/ml)-were prepared and characterized. The indomethacin loaded hydrogels were observed as amorphous through X-ray diffraction studies, and the FTIR analysis depicted the presence of key functional groups of IDM-cRGD hydrogel at 1521–1527 cm −1 and 1232–1235 cm −1 respectively. The drug-loaded hydrogels showed 87% encapsulation efficiency. In vitro assessment using L929 fibroblast cells treated with drug loaded hydrogels exhibited over 95% cell viability. These results highlight the multifunctional potential of the IDM loaded hydrogel conjugated with cRGD for targeted wound healing applications.