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<p>This study describes the development of innovative hybrid coatings that incorporate iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) onto polypropylene (PP) surfaces, designed to create effective materials against transmissible pathogens, particularly coronaviruses. The IONPs were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and integrated into a matrix composed of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), N-succinyl chitosan (NSC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The morphological, chemical, and structural characterization of the integrated IONPs showed a polygonal shape and an average diameter of 4.6 ± 1.9&#xa0;nm. Zeta potential analysis revealed an intensity of -63.5 mV and an average particle size of 3.4 ± 0.4&#xa0;μm for NSC-CMC/IONPs and − 19.8 mV and 2.5 ± 0.3&#xa0;μm for APTES/IONPs, indicating stability and minimizing nanoparticle aggregation. Surface and elemental composition characterizations, performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirmed the deposition of the hybrid coating and the presence of iron atoms on the PP fibers. The hybrid coatings enhanced wettability, reducing the contact angle from 137.03 ± 5.40 to 106.8 ± 5.84 degrees for PP-APTES and 92.6 ± 3.60 degrees for PP-APTES-IONPs. Additionally, the breathability analysis showed a range of differential pressures from 47.7&#xa0;Pa/cm² (PP-APTES/IONPs) to 60.4&#xa0;Pa/cm² (PP-NSC-CMC). Differential pressure values between 40 and below or close to 60&#xa0;Pa/cm² indicate adequate breathability. Biological characterization in vitro demonstrated that hybrid coatings inactivated 94% of the Coronaviridae MHV-3 strain within five minutes and were non-cytotoxic against fibroblasts, with cell viability consistently above 88%. These results highlighted the good physicochemical properties, safety, and potential application of the hybrid coating in the production of personal protective equipment, such as face masks.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Improving non-toxic and virucidal properties of masks by functionalization with iron oxide nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Jamilly S. F. Constantino,
  • Guilherme B. Calais,
  • Francisco F. P. de Souza,
  • Rodolpho R. C. de Monteiro,
  • Juan A. Cecilia,
  • Fábia K. Andrade,
  • Enrique Rodriguez-Castellon,
  • Marisa M. Beppu,
  • Rodrigo S. Vieira

摘要

This study describes the development of innovative hybrid coatings that incorporate iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) onto polypropylene (PP) surfaces, designed to create effective materials against transmissible pathogens, particularly coronaviruses. The IONPs were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and integrated into a matrix composed of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), N-succinyl chitosan (NSC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The morphological, chemical, and structural characterization of the integrated IONPs showed a polygonal shape and an average diameter of 4.6 ± 1.9 nm. Zeta potential analysis revealed an intensity of -63.5 mV and an average particle size of 3.4 ± 0.4 μm for NSC-CMC/IONPs and − 19.8 mV and 2.5 ± 0.3 μm for APTES/IONPs, indicating stability and minimizing nanoparticle aggregation. Surface and elemental composition characterizations, performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirmed the deposition of the hybrid coating and the presence of iron atoms on the PP fibers. The hybrid coatings enhanced wettability, reducing the contact angle from 137.03 ± 5.40 to 106.8 ± 5.84 degrees for PP-APTES and 92.6 ± 3.60 degrees for PP-APTES-IONPs. Additionally, the breathability analysis showed a range of differential pressures from 47.7 Pa/cm² (PP-APTES/IONPs) to 60.4 Pa/cm² (PP-NSC-CMC). Differential pressure values between 40 and below or close to 60 Pa/cm² indicate adequate breathability. Biological characterization in vitro demonstrated that hybrid coatings inactivated 94% of the Coronaviridae MHV-3 strain within five minutes and were non-cytotoxic against fibroblasts, with cell viability consistently above 88%. These results highlighted the good physicochemical properties, safety, and potential application of the hybrid coating in the production of personal protective equipment, such as face masks.

Graphical Abstract