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<p>This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of polyaniline (PANI) as an additive to polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. PANI was prepared by a chemical method under N2 and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). PAN/PANI mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared for the removal of humic acid by ultrafiltration (UF). Characterization was conducted on the membranes using attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and porosity analysis. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the chemical structure and crystallinity of the PANI. The MMMs exhibited enhanced porosity and hydrophilicity. The membrane containing 5 wt% of PANI showed optimal performance, with its pure water permeability (PWP) and rejection improving from 69.17&#xa0;L/m²·h·bar and 88.12% for the neat membrane to 164.55&#xa0;L/m²·h·bar and 99.6%, respectively. Increasing the PANI content to 10 wt% and 20 wt% decreased PWP while maintaining complete rejection. Experiments investigating the effects of transmembrane pressure (1 to 4&#xa0;bar) and feed concentration (10 to 40 ppm) confirmed that higher pressure increased both PWP and rejection. Conversely, a higher feed concentration decreased PWP, while rejection remained near 100%. The fouling analysis of the optimal MMM demonstrated superior antifouling properties, evidenced by a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 97.8%, a reversible fouling ratio (R<sub>r</sub>) of 2.3%, and an irreversible fouling ratio (R<sub>ir</sub>) of 2.2%. These results indicate that the new PANI/PAN composite membrane is a promising candidate for water treatment applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Humic acid removal from water using PAN/PANI composite membrane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • Hadise Sayyah Alborzi,
  • Majid Pakizeh,
  • Rasoul Rahimnia

摘要

This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of polyaniline (PANI) as an additive to polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. PANI was prepared by a chemical method under N2 and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). PAN/PANI mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared for the removal of humic acid by ultrafiltration (UF). Characterization was conducted on the membranes using attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and porosity analysis. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the chemical structure and crystallinity of the PANI. The MMMs exhibited enhanced porosity and hydrophilicity. The membrane containing 5 wt% of PANI showed optimal performance, with its pure water permeability (PWP) and rejection improving from 69.17 L/m²·h·bar and 88.12% for the neat membrane to 164.55 L/m²·h·bar and 99.6%, respectively. Increasing the PANI content to 10 wt% and 20 wt% decreased PWP while maintaining complete rejection. Experiments investigating the effects of transmembrane pressure (1 to 4 bar) and feed concentration (10 to 40 ppm) confirmed that higher pressure increased both PWP and rejection. Conversely, a higher feed concentration decreased PWP, while rejection remained near 100%. The fouling analysis of the optimal MMM demonstrated superior antifouling properties, evidenced by a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 97.8%, a reversible fouling ratio (Rr) of 2.3%, and an irreversible fouling ratio (Rir) of 2.2%. These results indicate that the new PANI/PAN composite membrane is a promising candidate for water treatment applications.

Graphical abstract