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<p>Biocompatible 3D-printable polymers like Polylactic acid (PLA) are crucial in biomedical engineering, but their smooth surface can hinder cell adhesion and proliferation. Strategies like chemical surface modifications, plasma treatments, and bioactive material coatings have been explored to improve cell viability and adhesion on PLA scaffolds, but as-printed PLA scaffolds lack sufficient mechanical strength. This study aims to improve the biomechanical response of 3D-printed solid PLA scaffolds using a heat treatment method. These scaffolds are exposed to different levels of heat treatment in a convective oven by varying both time and temperature. The optimal heat treatment (HT) of the sample at 90&#xa0;°C for 2&#xa0;h (HT-90 (2h)), followed by slow cooling in the oven, enhances crystallinity by ~ 54%, as confirmed by the differential scanning calorimetric curves. Compression tests show that yield strength increases from 65&#xa0;MPa (untreated (UT) PLA) to 85&#xa0;MPa. Based on the highest yield strength values, HT-90 (2h) scaffolds were selected for MG-63 bone cancer cell attachment and viability studies. The cytotoxic assessment indicated that UT scaffolds had 64% cell viability while HT-90 (2h) scaffold had 96%, indicating greater biocompatibility and 50% cell growth and proliferation. The HT-90 (2h) scaffolds showed more homogeneous cell spreading and attachment than the UT scaffolds, supported by fluorescent microscopy. The optical micrographs indicate temperature-induced micron-scale wavy morphologies on HT-90 (2h), which enhance cell proliferation surface area. Thus, heat treating the 3D-printed PLA scaffolds improve their biomechanical characteristics for orthopedic and dental tissue engineering.</p>

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Enhancing the biomechanical response of 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds with heat treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Shrushti Maheshwari,
  • Archana Singh,
  • Koushik Chatterjee,
  • Zafar Alam,
  • Sarthak S. Singh

摘要

Biocompatible 3D-printable polymers like Polylactic acid (PLA) are crucial in biomedical engineering, but their smooth surface can hinder cell adhesion and proliferation. Strategies like chemical surface modifications, plasma treatments, and bioactive material coatings have been explored to improve cell viability and adhesion on PLA scaffolds, but as-printed PLA scaffolds lack sufficient mechanical strength. This study aims to improve the biomechanical response of 3D-printed solid PLA scaffolds using a heat treatment method. These scaffolds are exposed to different levels of heat treatment in a convective oven by varying both time and temperature. The optimal heat treatment (HT) of the sample at 90 °C for 2 h (HT-90 (2h)), followed by slow cooling in the oven, enhances crystallinity by ~ 54%, as confirmed by the differential scanning calorimetric curves. Compression tests show that yield strength increases from 65 MPa (untreated (UT) PLA) to 85 MPa. Based on the highest yield strength values, HT-90 (2h) scaffolds were selected for MG-63 bone cancer cell attachment and viability studies. The cytotoxic assessment indicated that UT scaffolds had 64% cell viability while HT-90 (2h) scaffold had 96%, indicating greater biocompatibility and 50% cell growth and proliferation. The HT-90 (2h) scaffolds showed more homogeneous cell spreading and attachment than the UT scaffolds, supported by fluorescent microscopy. The optical micrographs indicate temperature-induced micron-scale wavy morphologies on HT-90 (2h), which enhance cell proliferation surface area. Thus, heat treating the 3D-printed PLA scaffolds improve their biomechanical characteristics for orthopedic and dental tissue engineering.