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<p>Developing eco-friendly metal nanocomposites with efficient photocatalytic properties remains a key focus, though practical application is hindered by challenges in separating these materials from solution during dye degradation. This work reports an ex-situ, simple, and green hydrothermal biosynthesis of ZnO-Ag hybrid nanocomposites (ZnO-AgHNCs) using Malva sylvestris flower extract. This method is both economical and environmentally beneficial for breaking down industrial effluent dyes, particularly Congo red (CR) and Methylene blue (MB). To address the separation issue of these HNCs as photocatalysts from the solution, we synthesized a novel photocatalyst composite based on biosynthesized ZnO-AgHNCs embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/ZnO-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel (PVA/CS/ZnO-AgNCH). The PVA/CS/ZnO-AgNCH was fabricated using both physical and slight chemical methods, allowing for the embedding of ZnO-AgHNCs into the polymer matrix. The photocatalytic performance of the PVA/CS/ZnO-AgNCH hydrogel was evaluated for the degradation of MB and CR dyes under sunlight irradiation. The degradation efficiency increased with higher contents of ZnO-AgHNCs, achieving maximum rates of 71.22% for CR and 47.67% for MB with 0.15&#xa0;g of ZnO-AgHNCs. The kinetic rate constant followed a pseudo-first-order model, with the highest values observed for CR and MB. The results confirm that embedding ZnO-AgHNCs into the hydrogel enhances photocatalytic activity, demonstrating its potential for wastewater treatment applications.</p>

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Development of an ex-situ two-step hydrothermal-assisted technique for biosynthesis of ZnO-Ag hybrid nanocomposite loaded into physically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan hydrogel for photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Hassan Mahmoodi Esfanddarani,
  • Mrutyunjay Panigrahi

摘要

Developing eco-friendly metal nanocomposites with efficient photocatalytic properties remains a key focus, though practical application is hindered by challenges in separating these materials from solution during dye degradation. This work reports an ex-situ, simple, and green hydrothermal biosynthesis of ZnO-Ag hybrid nanocomposites (ZnO-AgHNCs) using Malva sylvestris flower extract. This method is both economical and environmentally beneficial for breaking down industrial effluent dyes, particularly Congo red (CR) and Methylene blue (MB). To address the separation issue of these HNCs as photocatalysts from the solution, we synthesized a novel photocatalyst composite based on biosynthesized ZnO-AgHNCs embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/ZnO-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel (PVA/CS/ZnO-AgNCH). The PVA/CS/ZnO-AgNCH was fabricated using both physical and slight chemical methods, allowing for the embedding of ZnO-AgHNCs into the polymer matrix. The photocatalytic performance of the PVA/CS/ZnO-AgNCH hydrogel was evaluated for the degradation of MB and CR dyes under sunlight irradiation. The degradation efficiency increased with higher contents of ZnO-AgHNCs, achieving maximum rates of 71.22% for CR and 47.67% for MB with 0.15 g of ZnO-AgHNCs. The kinetic rate constant followed a pseudo-first-order model, with the highest values observed for CR and MB. The results confirm that embedding ZnO-AgHNCs into the hydrogel enhances photocatalytic activity, demonstrating its potential for wastewater treatment applications.