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<p>In the current work, a ciliary brushed-type di-block with hydrophobic-hydrophilic fragments had been developed by a covalent combination of the silanol groups (-OSi) of silica (MCM-41) and the amine group (NH<sub>2</sub>-) of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). The di-block was then blended with polyurethane (PU) to fabricate a nanofiltration (NF) membrane. Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to elucidate the internal chemistry of the polymer, the amine-immobilized silanol (NH<sub>2</sub>-Im-OSi) reaction type, and the high-density filler loading on the membrane surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provided the surface roughness profile, while the contact angle supported the notion that filler addition enhanced hydrophilicity. Negligible leaching and a nanosized pore size recommended the membrane for use in the desalination process. After phase inversion, SEM images illustrate that NH<sub>2</sub>-Im-OSi accumulated on the membrane surface, and the hydrophilic properties of the di-block membranes improved 30% as the contact angle reduced from 96.4 ° (PM-0 membrane) to 67.7°. Raw MCM-41 based membrane (PM-M41) showed a maximum (3.8%) leaching ratio that’s highly reduced with increasing amount (2.5–10% wt.) of NH<sub>2</sub>-Im-OSi with PU polymer. Permeation and fouling experiments demonstrated that 95–96% flux recovery was achievable, accompanied by 5–7% permanent fouling. Modified membranes exhibited 77–80% fouling resistance, with 17–18% of the fouling being reversible. Furthermore, the pore size was reduced from 6&#xa0;nm to 2.4&#xa0;nm, and at a low pressure of 5&#xa0;bar, salt rejection rates of 39%, 64%, and 51% were observed for NaCl, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and MgCl<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The author suggested that NH<sub>2</sub>-Im-OSi di-block showed highly fouling-resistant properties, so the di-block additive can be explored to improve alternative rejections with other synthetic polymers.</p>

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Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane immobilized silanol based polyurethane nanofiltration membrane for salt separation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Masooma Irfan,
  • Usman Haider,
  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Hotaf Hassan Makki,
  • Marouan Kouki,
  • Hakim AL Garalleh,
  • Afnan Al Agha,
  • Ayaz Hassan

摘要

In the current work, a ciliary brushed-type di-block with hydrophobic-hydrophilic fragments had been developed by a covalent combination of the silanol groups (-OSi) of silica (MCM-41) and the amine group (NH2-) of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). The di-block was then blended with polyurethane (PU) to fabricate a nanofiltration (NF) membrane. Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to elucidate the internal chemistry of the polymer, the amine-immobilized silanol (NH2-Im-OSi) reaction type, and the high-density filler loading on the membrane surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provided the surface roughness profile, while the contact angle supported the notion that filler addition enhanced hydrophilicity. Negligible leaching and a nanosized pore size recommended the membrane for use in the desalination process. After phase inversion, SEM images illustrate that NH2-Im-OSi accumulated on the membrane surface, and the hydrophilic properties of the di-block membranes improved 30% as the contact angle reduced from 96.4 ° (PM-0 membrane) to 67.7°. Raw MCM-41 based membrane (PM-M41) showed a maximum (3.8%) leaching ratio that’s highly reduced with increasing amount (2.5–10% wt.) of NH2-Im-OSi with PU polymer. Permeation and fouling experiments demonstrated that 95–96% flux recovery was achievable, accompanied by 5–7% permanent fouling. Modified membranes exhibited 77–80% fouling resistance, with 17–18% of the fouling being reversible. Furthermore, the pore size was reduced from 6 nm to 2.4 nm, and at a low pressure of 5 bar, salt rejection rates of 39%, 64%, and 51% were observed for NaCl, Na2SO4, and MgCl2, respectively. The author suggested that NH2-Im-OSi di-block showed highly fouling-resistant properties, so the di-block additive can be explored to improve alternative rejections with other synthetic polymers.