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<p>This study investigates the influence of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel and hydrothermal methods on the structural, electrochemical, and dielectric properties of PEO: NaNO₃ polymer electrolytes. NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with crystallite sizes of 43.39&#xa0;nm (sol-gel) and 29.62&#xa0;nm (hydrothermal) were incorporated at varying concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) to analyze their effects on ionic conductivity, charge transport, and dielectric behavior. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel NiFe₂O₄ phase, with sol-gel-derived nanoparticles exhibiting larger crystallites, leading to enhanced interactions with the polymer matrix, as further supported by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that sol-gel-derived nanocomposites exhibited significantly higher ionic conductivity (60.5 µS/cm at 5 wt%) than their hydrothermal counterparts (24.2 µS/cm), attributed to more effective disruption of PEO crystallinity and increased segmental motion. Conversely, dielectric studies indicated that hydrothermal-synthesized nanoparticles contributed to higher dielectric constants, likely due to stronger dipole interactions within the polymer matrix. Dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) analysis showed a shift in relaxation peaks toward higher frequencies in both systems, confirming improved ion mobility, though sol-gel-based nanocomposites demonstrated superior charge carrier dynamics. These findings demonstrate that sol-gel synthesis is more effective for enhancing ionic conductivity, while hydrothermal synthesis provides better dielectric properties. The results offer valuable insights into optimizing polymer electrolytes for high-performance energy storage applications based on nanoparticle synthesis methods.</p>

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Exploring the impact of sol-gel and hydrothermal synthesis on the structural and electrochemical properties of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles in PEO: NaNO3 polymer electrolytes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月14日

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  • Bala Talib Ali,
  • Ibrahim Nazem Qader,
  • Karukh Ali Babakr,
  • Safar Saeed Mohammed,
  • Shujahadeen Bakr Aziz,
  • Peyman Aspoukeh,
  • Sarbast Mamnd Hussein

摘要

This study investigates the influence of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel and hydrothermal methods on the structural, electrochemical, and dielectric properties of PEO: NaNO₃ polymer electrolytes. NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with crystallite sizes of 43.39 nm (sol-gel) and 29.62 nm (hydrothermal) were incorporated at varying concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) to analyze their effects on ionic conductivity, charge transport, and dielectric behavior. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel NiFe₂O₄ phase, with sol-gel-derived nanoparticles exhibiting larger crystallites, leading to enhanced interactions with the polymer matrix, as further supported by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that sol-gel-derived nanocomposites exhibited significantly higher ionic conductivity (60.5 µS/cm at 5 wt%) than their hydrothermal counterparts (24.2 µS/cm), attributed to more effective disruption of PEO crystallinity and increased segmental motion. Conversely, dielectric studies indicated that hydrothermal-synthesized nanoparticles contributed to higher dielectric constants, likely due to stronger dipole interactions within the polymer matrix. Dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) analysis showed a shift in relaxation peaks toward higher frequencies in both systems, confirming improved ion mobility, though sol-gel-based nanocomposites demonstrated superior charge carrier dynamics. These findings demonstrate that sol-gel synthesis is more effective for enhancing ionic conductivity, while hydrothermal synthesis provides better dielectric properties. The results offer valuable insights into optimizing polymer electrolytes for high-performance energy storage applications based on nanoparticle synthesis methods.