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<p>The growing demand for efficient energy storage systems has driven extensive research into high-performance supercapacitor materials. While conducting polymers and metal oxides have been widely explored, achieving both high energy density and long-term stability remains a significant challenge. In this study, we develop a ternary rGO-TiO₂-PANI composite using in situ chemical oxidative polymerization to address these limitations. The successful synthesis of the composite was confirmed through FESEM with EDS, XRD, FTIR, Raman, and elemental mapping. Thermal analysis via TGA and DSC revealed that the ternary hybrid exhibits superior thermal stability compared to pure PANI and binary composites. The unique hierarchical structure and strong synergistic interactions between rGO, TiO₂, and PANI contribute to its exceptional electrochemical performance. Cyclic voltammetry measurements demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 4733.55&#xa0;F/g at 3 mV/s, with the composite achieving an energy density of 35.07 Wh/kg and a power density of 1509.02&#xa0;W/kg, along with a coulombic efficiency of 82.62%. Additionally, the composite exhibited excellent cyclic stability, retaining 89.9% of its capacitance after 3000 cycles. These results establish the rGO-TiO₂-PANI ternary composite as a promising candidate for advanced supercapacitor applications, offering a balance of high energy storage capacity, stability, and efficiency.</p>

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Boosting supercapacitor performance and thermal stability: transforming PANI nanorods into a ternary interconnected mesh structure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Bhawna,
  • Gita Rani,
  • Sanju Bala Dhull,
  • Suman,
  • Harish Kumar,
  • Naveen Kumar

摘要

The growing demand for efficient energy storage systems has driven extensive research into high-performance supercapacitor materials. While conducting polymers and metal oxides have been widely explored, achieving both high energy density and long-term stability remains a significant challenge. In this study, we develop a ternary rGO-TiO₂-PANI composite using in situ chemical oxidative polymerization to address these limitations. The successful synthesis of the composite was confirmed through FESEM with EDS, XRD, FTIR, Raman, and elemental mapping. Thermal analysis via TGA and DSC revealed that the ternary hybrid exhibits superior thermal stability compared to pure PANI and binary composites. The unique hierarchical structure and strong synergistic interactions between rGO, TiO₂, and PANI contribute to its exceptional electrochemical performance. Cyclic voltammetry measurements demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 4733.55 F/g at 3 mV/s, with the composite achieving an energy density of 35.07 Wh/kg and a power density of 1509.02 W/kg, along with a coulombic efficiency of 82.62%. Additionally, the composite exhibited excellent cyclic stability, retaining 89.9% of its capacitance after 3000 cycles. These results establish the rGO-TiO₂-PANI ternary composite as a promising candidate for advanced supercapacitor applications, offering a balance of high energy storage capacity, stability, and efficiency.