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<p>The direct discharge of untreated industrial organic waste into natural water bodies has escalated environmental risks, leading to severe water pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an adequate and efficient method to degrade organic pollutants in water and mitigate this pollution. In this study, a simple chemical bath synthesis method is employed to prepare&#xa0;Preyssler heteropolyacid (H<sub>14</sub>[NaP<sub>5</sub>W<sub>30</sub>O<sub>110</sub>]) decorated In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>&#xa0;(HPA@INO) microstructured photocatalysts for degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) drug under visible light irradiation. The cubic crystalline structure of INO is preserved in HPA@INO, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the corn-like morphology, d-spacing, and the + 3 oxidation state of indium are confirmed by means of HR-TEM and XPS analysis, respectively. The 0.5HPA@INO composite demonstrates excellent photocatalytic performance, achieving 96% MB degradation in 60&#xa0;min and 92.45% TC degradation in just 25&#xa0;min, outperforming, bare INO and other HPA@INO composites with 0.2, 1, and 3 wt.% amounts of HPA. Moreover, 0.5HPA@INO composite exhibits nearly twice the degradation rate of bare INO and maintains enhanced photocatalytic activity after five cycles of usage. The improved photocatalytic performance of 0.5HPA@INO composite is due to the synergistic effect of a reduced band gap, which enhances visible light harvesting and suppresses charge carrier recombination. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study confirms that 0.5HPA@INO exhibits enhanced charge transfer rate compared to all other samples studied. Scavenger studies indicate that superoxide radicals (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42247_2025_1044_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{O}}_{2}^{\bullet -}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and holes (h<sup>+</sup>) are the primary reactive species responsible for the degradation of MB and TC.</p>

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Facile synthesis of Preyssler heteropolyacid decorated corn-shaped In2O3 microstructures for rapid degradation of methylene blue and tetracycline hydrochloride pollutants under visible light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月4日

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  • Arun S. Chopade,
  • Rohant S. Dhabbe,
  • Abhijit N. Kadam,
  • Pravin V. Deshmukh,
  • Vaishali A. Patil,
  • Sultan Alshehri,
  • Mohaseen S. Tamboli,
  • Hyun-Kyung Kim,
  • Dattakumar S. Mhamane,
  • Mukund G. Mali

摘要

The direct discharge of untreated industrial organic waste into natural water bodies has escalated environmental risks, leading to severe water pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an adequate and efficient method to degrade organic pollutants in water and mitigate this pollution. In this study, a simple chemical bath synthesis method is employed to prepare Preyssler heteropolyacid (H14[NaP5W30O110]) decorated In2O3 (HPA@INO) microstructured photocatalysts for degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) drug under visible light irradiation. The cubic crystalline structure of INO is preserved in HPA@INO, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the corn-like morphology, d-spacing, and the + 3 oxidation state of indium are confirmed by means of HR-TEM and XPS analysis, respectively. The 0.5HPA@INO composite demonstrates excellent photocatalytic performance, achieving 96% MB degradation in 60 min and 92.45% TC degradation in just 25 min, outperforming, bare INO and other HPA@INO composites with 0.2, 1, and 3 wt.% amounts of HPA. Moreover, 0.5HPA@INO composite exhibits nearly twice the degradation rate of bare INO and maintains enhanced photocatalytic activity after five cycles of usage. The improved photocatalytic performance of 0.5HPA@INO composite is due to the synergistic effect of a reduced band gap, which enhances visible light harvesting and suppresses charge carrier recombination. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study confirms that 0.5HPA@INO exhibits enhanced charge transfer rate compared to all other samples studied. Scavenger studies indicate that superoxide radicals ( \({\text{O}}_{2}^{\bullet -}\) ) and holes (h+) are the primary reactive species responsible for the degradation of MB and TC.